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                <text>Credit risk management system of commercial banks: an analysis of the process</text>
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                <text>Credit risk is the risk that a financial institution will incur losses because the financial position of a borrower has deteriorated to the point that the value of an asset (including off-balance-sheet assets) is reduced or extinguished. The purpose of this work is to expatiate strategies to mitigate challenges resulting from unpaid loans, which could be used further in understanding the components of credit risk management (CRM) system of commercial banks (CBs) in a less developed economy. This was accomplished through the use of both primary (interviews) and secondary (various relevant documents) information from CBs and key management officials dealing with credit management. The investigation proved that credit risk can be managed and minimized when formidable strategic approaches are implemented and adhered to. This implies that the strategy operated by a bank is an important consideration for a CRM system to be successful. Ghana, a less developed economy, provides an excellent case for studying how CBs operating in economies with less developed financial sector manage their credit risk.</text>
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                <text>Stephen Owusu Afriyie, Yusheng Kong, Patrick Obeng Danso, Abdul‐Aziz Ibn Musah, Michael Owusu Akomeah</text>
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                <text>Internal controls are critical to guarding an institution against fraud, error, and devastation. They are effective tools for preventing losses and achieving organizational goals. However, internal control mechanisms need to be relevant, because the organization cannot comprehend the effectiveness of the system if they are out‐of‐touch with the operation. Health care control practices are not exceptionally different from what pertains in other industries. The health care organizations require effective corporate governance mechanisms to uphold their operations and performances. These practices assist health care organizations to exhume cynical practices that generate unproductive results and also factors militating against the hospital's goals or objectives. This study revealed that practices such as enhanced Board diligence, Health Professionals on board, financial prudence, and effective communication have the …</text>
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                <text>EMPOWERING THE GHANAIAN YOUTH FOR ACCELERATED DEVELOPMENT</text>
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                <text>This article examines practical steps that must be taken to empower African youth for trans-generational accelerated and all round development. The data were generally gathered through questionnaires answered by 150 Ghanaian university students. It was found through administration of survey questionnaires that only a handful of the respondents had entrepreneurial and educational ambitions or goals after their University education. The synopsis of the findings is as follows: Employment focused ambitions-70%, Educational ambitions–20% and Entrepreneurial ambitions-10%. It was discovered that to ensure youth development, nurturing, training, equipping and empowering must be the principal pillars or stages to incorporate and harness tirelessly and diligently. It was also revealed that without equipping and empowering the youth educationally, economically and entrepreneurially, there cannot be any future development. The paper argues that empowerment leads to development. That is, a meaningful empowerment and equipping will automatically lead to sustainable accelerated development. The work contributes to the process of trans-generational development and empowerment that should definitely lead to sustainable national development as well as stressing the only panacea for juvenile delinquency. The paper proposes incorporation of mentorship and empowerment into Ghanaian tertiary institutions‟ programmes, as well as transforming the one year National Service to mandatory Mentorship and Empowerment for all graduates of tertiary institutions.</text>
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                <text>IDENTIFICATION OF THE ENGLISH DETERMINER SYSTEM AMONG EFL STUDENTS IN GHANA: THE CASE OF FRANCOPHONE STUDENTS</text>
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                <text>Michael Owusu Tabiri, Ivy Jones-Mensah, Daniel Arkoh Fenyi, Angel Edward Kongo</text>
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                <text>The paper discusses the difficulties that students from French speaking countries who are pursuing&#13;
their studies in a Ghanaian university face in identifying English determiners. This is a qualitative&#13;
study that analysed the difficulties that level 100 Francophone students who have French as a Second&#13;
Language(L2) and English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in a Ghanaian university face in identifying&#13;
English determiners. The data used for the analysis comprised students’ written exercise. The&#13;
theoretical framework on which this research is based is article-focused theory which is discourse rule&#13;
transfer propounded by Robertson (2000) as well as the semantic model developed by Huebner (1983),&#13;
known as the "semantic wheel for noun phrase reference". Pre determiners, central determiners and&#13;
post determiners were found in the data analysed. Central determiners recorded the highest number of&#13;
25 representing 64%, followed by pre determiners with 11 representing 28% and post determiners&#13;
showing 3 determiners denoting 8%. Based on the findings, some pedagogical measures such as taking&#13;
into consideration the needs analysis and teaching all the three types of determiners in context&#13;
communication were proposed as means of minimising Francophone students’ difficulties in English&#13;
determiner system</text>
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                <text>Assessing the influence of total quality management on customer satisfaction in the telecom industry: a TQM–SERVQUAL perspective</text>
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                <text>Total quality management (TQM) has become a reliable quality and customer satisfaction approach that can meet or exceed customer satisfaction. Previous studies have not really tied total quality management in the aspects of SERVQUAL as the major influence on customer satisfaction in the Ghanaian telecommunication sector, thus the need for this research. As customer satisfaction continues to rise, telecommunication customers expect service quality to improve to meet their satisfaction. The quality of service determines the customer satisfaction level in a service industry, such as telecom. Effective total quality management would result in better service quality. SERVQUAL is arguably the model to assess the effectiveness of customer satisfaction in the service industry. The aim of this study is to assess the influence of total quality management on customer satisfaction in the telecom industry from a TQM–SERVQUAL perspective. The study relied on questionnaires to gather data about the TQM services on customer satisfaction. A self-completion questionnaire was administered to customers and employees of MTN Ghana and Vodafone Ghana. Both companies operate with the same procedures and equipment, hence the need to use the same apparatus for all contacted customers and employees. There were 800 respondents from both companies’ employees and customers, although 850 questionnaires were administered. Descriptive statistical analysis was used through the questionnaire. The investigators also ran preliminary tests such as reliability, validity, and multicollinearity tests to ascertain if the received data were reasonable enough …</text>
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Financial performance of hospitals: A critical obligation of corporate governance dimensions</text>
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                <text>Background&#13;
This paper aims to investigate the effects of corporate governance mechanisms on the financial performance of hospitals. The statement, “good corporate governance” has been incorporated in the health care sector over the last decade, as an element to improve financial performance.&#13;
Methods&#13;
The researchers relied on both primary and secondary data in the study. For the primary data, the authors used structured and nonstructured questionnaires to obtain data from 125 hospitals. The secondary data used emanated from board meetings, financial statements and relevant reports of the selected hospitals from 2010 to 2017. However, the data was then sorted out to get the required information on Chief Executive Officer (CEO) presence, board relationship, governance dynamics, gender diversity and financial performance.&#13;
Results&#13;
On the basis of empirical evidence provided in this study, the results …</text>
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                <text>This is a qualitative study that analysed the problem of subjunctive mood in English among Level 400 students in two Ghanaian universities. The data used for the analysis comprised students’ written exercises. This study adopted the contrastive analysis to analyse common errors or learners’ difficulties in using subjunctive mood in English (L2). From this, a total of 1020 wrong use of subjunctive mood were identified. Four categories of wrong use of subjunctive mood expressing; a desire or a wish (weresubjunctive), wrong use of subjunctive mood expressing a requirement or necessity, wrong use of subjunctive mood expressing suggestions and wrong use of subjunctive mood expressing hypothetical situations were identified. The results show that the subjunctive mood expressing suggestions recorded the highest form of error with 360 out of 1020 representing 35% out of the total number followed by the subjunctive expressing a requirement or necessity which recorded 300 errors representing 29% while wrong use of subjunctive mood expressing a desire or a wish (were-subjunctive) and subjunctive mood expressing hypothetical situations recorded 180 errors for each of them depicting 18% respectively. The work seeks to uncover the difficulties students of English usually encounter in the use of subjunctive mood. The study revealed that students face difficulties of identifying and writing all the types of the subjunctive mood such as formulaic subjunctive, mandative subjunctive, were-subjunctive and words that express hypothetical situations or improbable condition (type 2) in English (L2). Based on the findings of the study, three main causes …</text>
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                <text>Difficulties in Identifying the English Determiner System among EFL Students in Ghana: The Case of Francophone Students.</text>
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                <text>The paper aims at discussing the difficulties that students from French speaking countries who are pursuing their education in a Ghanaian university face in identifying English determiners. This is a qualitative study that analysed the difficulties that level 100 Francophone students who have French as a Second Language(L2) and English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in a Ghanaian university face in identifying English determiners. The data used for the analysis comprised students' written exercises. The data gathered in the study were analysed qualitatively. The theoretical framework on which this research is based is article-focused theory which is discourse rule transfer propounded by Robertson (2000) as well as the semantic model developed by Huebner (1983), known as the "semantic wheel for noun phrase reference". The findings of the study depict that pre determiners, central determiners and post determiners were found in the data analysed. Central determiners recorded the</text>
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