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&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Civil Engineering construction has gone through a lot of generational phases. Many countries and organisations have adopted different methodologies for ensuring safe, affordable and successful construction projects. The definition of construction project success has also evolved with time. Construction projects now place emphasis on stake holders’ requirements rather than completing a state of the art edifice. Environmental concerns have now become an uncompromising factor in determining the success of a civil construction project. Projects that are duly executed must meet design specification, pass environmental impact assessment, be within budget, be completed within time, meet all safety standards and serve the stakeholder’s purpose. All these stakeholder’s expectations have made civil engineering construction more complex,&#13;
complicated and robust. Project managers are faced with diverse challenges in the quest of fully satisfying the needs of stakeholders. Project managers encounter both Constructional and Non-Constructional challenges. Non-Constructional challenges include legal issues, socio-political pressures and government interference. All these challenges if not controlled, deflected or mitigated will substantially increase the cost of the project and also result in project delays. The main purpose of project management is to achieve objectives and goals through the planned allocation of resources that meet project cost, quality, time safety and scope requirements. This thesis seeks to research into causes of project delays and expenditure cost overrun in Ghana construction industry. The writing will also cover practical strategic project management approaches to mitigating these challenges. Though this work addresses civil engineering construction by all construction companies, emphasis will be placed on multinational companies working in Ghana. This research work employs the use of questionnaires and interviews in its methodology. Data collected is then analyzed to interpret problem trends. Procedures and practical remedies to identified challenges is also analyzed to know their effects on other projects. Data was collected from 80 individuals spread across the three categories of respondents namely clients, contractors and consultants. However, out of the 80 respondents interviewed, 75 responses were deemed valid for analysis. The findings identified the factors responsible for&#13;
project delays and cost overrun of multinational companies in Ghana construction industry. The findings also identified solutions to the causes of these delays and cost overrun.</text>
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                <text>Ghana Technology University College</text>
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                <text>&#13;
Mr.Dominic Louis</text>
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                <text> Wei Jiang, Bin Han</text>
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                <text>This study investigated the challenges that learners of English and French encountered during their participation in online language learning in a university in Ghana. The study adopted a quantitative survey approach by administering online questionnaire to undergraduate students at the university and analysing the data using descriptive statistics.150 students participated in the study. The results indicate that majority of the students generally feel that online language learning is bedeviled with a lot of challenges, notably technology availability, accessibility, and affordability, as well as the lack of capacity on the part of language instructors to effectively deliver in their online teaching activities. The study further discusses students' opinions and experiences with the objective of determining the prospects of online language learning within the Ghanaian tertiary education context. Based on the findings, some pragmatic pedagogical measures like migrating teaching and</text>
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                <text>Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies. Hacettepe Universitesi, Egitim Fakultesi B Blok, Yabanci Diller Egitimi Bolumu, Ingiliz Dili Egitimi Anabilim Dali, Ankara 06800, Turkey</text>
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