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                <text>Retraction Note: Green investments, financial development, and environmental quality in Ghana: evidence from the novel dynamic ARDL simulations approach</text>
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                <text>Mohammed Musah, Michael Owusu-Akomeah, Emmanuel Attah Kumah, Isaac Adjei Mensah, Joseph Dery Nyeadi, Muntasir Murshed, Morrison Alfred</text>
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                <text>The Editor-in-Chief and the publisher have retracted this article. The article was submitted to be part of a guestedited issue. An investigation by the publisher found a number of articles, including this one, with a number of concerns, including but not limited to compromised editorial handling and peer review process, inappropriate or irrelevant references or not being in scope of the journal or guest-edited issue. Based on the investigation's findings the Editor-in-Chief therefore no longer has confidence in the results and conclusions of this article. AuthorMohammed Musah disagrees with the retraction. Authors Morrison Alfred, Emmanuel Kumah, Joseph Nyeadi and Michael Owusu-Akomeah have not responded to correspondence regarding this retraction. The Publisher has not been able to obtain a current email address for authors Isaac Mensah and Muntasir Murshed.</text>
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                <text>Review of literature on coherence and cohesion in text quality among ESL students</text>
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                <text>Ivy Jones-Mensah, Michael Owusu Tabiri</text>
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                <text>Coherence in written text is a complex concept; it involves a multitude of readers and text-based features. Thus, in language acquisition, testing and discourse competence requires communicative competence. The objective of this article is to explore coherence and cohesion in academic writing, with a particular emphasis on the use of cohesive devices, especially among ESL students. Thus, the emphasis is on the levels of skills relevant for using cohesive devices and the skills needed for using the devices in creating consistency in the text. Therefore, the article reviews current literature on coherence, defines coherence and cohesion in broad terms, and presents a three-lesson revision unit based on modern coherence principles. Conclusions are drawn about the success of this revision technique and the necessity for providing sequential exercises to improve communicative competence among ESL students. Finally, the relationship between the terms revealed that these are the connection and organisation of ideas in the sentences of the text to create a sense of unity between the topics discussed in the</text>
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                <text>Revisiting Occupational Health and Safety Management and Employee Engagement in the Ghanaian Mining Sector</text>
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                <text>Philip Batsa Adotey, David Doe Fiergbor, Edem Segbefia, Kwame Owusu-Ansah Owusu Afram</text>
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                <text>Occupational Health and Safety Practices (OHSP) literatures same as employees’ engagement has been studied as disciplines for organizational performance and safety free environments. Creating awareness about OSHP is determining factor for maintaining consistent safety behavior which eventually lead to effective employee engagement. Creating more awareness of OSHP has become so necessary in academia and industry due to the inevitable danger associated with it. Poor Occupational Safety and health practices is a cost and life threatening issue yet most companies give reactive response to it. This paper seeks to address these anomalies by testing empirically, the influence of occupational health and safety practices on employee engagement. The study sampled 400 whose response were sought and sorted by the use of questionnaire and interview process. The WarpPLS was used to perform a structural equation modeling which revealed a positive effect of occupational health and safety on physical, emotional, and cognitive engagement. However, among the dimensions of engagement, emotional engagement was the criterion variable influenced most. The paper suggests that major stakeholders such as shareholders, CEOs and all employees to consider OSHP as a means to retain and maintain employees to achieve constant performance.</text>
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                <text>Revisiting Supply Chain Risk</text>
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                <text>Zsidisin, A. George., Michael Henke</text>
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                  <text>Food Science </text>
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                <text>Rheological properties of seven different yams (Dioscorea species) within the yam germplasm</text>
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                <text>Delali Polycarp, Emmanuel Ohene AFOAKWA, Agnes K Anane-Asamoah</text>
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                <text>This study was designed to characterize the most cultivated and consumed yam (Dioscorea) cultivars within the Ghanaian yam germplasm based on their rheological properties in order to assess their potential alternative food and industrial processing applications. Matured yam varieties grown and harvested under the same climatic and edaphic factors were obtained from the Roots and Tuber Conservatory Division of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Plant Genetic Resources Research Institute, Bunso Ghana. Samples were processed into flour and the pasting characteristics along the length of each variety were determined using Brabender Visco-amylograph (Brabender Instrument Inc. Duisburg, West Germany) equipped with a 700 cmg sensitivity cartridge. Significant differences (p&lt; 0.05) existed among the yam varieties for their pasting characteristics. However, no significant differences were observed in the pasting profile along the tail (T), middle (M) and head (H) regions of each tuber. Pastes from flours of D. rotundata had high maximum and final viscosities (333.5-384.5 BU and 343.5-404.0 BU respectively). Breakdown viscosity was low (&lt; 10 BU) in all the studied varieties, except D. dumetorum (54-71 BU). The findings from this research will be relevant to yam producers and processors in programmes aimed at developing new food/industrial processing applications using Ghanaian yams.</text>
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                <text>2016</text>
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                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=EZuX1N8AAAAJ&amp;amp;cstart=100&amp;amp;pagesize=100&amp;amp;citation_for_view=EZuX1N8AAAAJ:2MdNiwGT7yoC</text>
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                <text>Rheological properties, melting behaviours and physical quality characteristics of sugar-free chocolates processed using inulin/polydextrose bulking mixtures sweetened with stevia and thaumatin extracts</text>
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                <text>Roger Philip Aidoo, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Koen Dewettinck</text>
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                <text>Demand for use of natural sweeteners and prebiotic compounds for manufacture of sugar-free chocolates has dramatically increased over the past decennium. However, their applicability in product formulation and how these will affect the flow (rheological) and physical quality characteristics still remains a big challenge. This study investigated the rheological properties, melting behaviours and other physical quality characteristics of sugar-free chocolates processed from inulin and polydextrose mixtures as bulking agents sweetened with stevia and thaumatin extracts. Standard reference chocolate was developed using sucrose and the effects of the inulin/polydextrose and stevia/thaumatin ingredients on the rheological properties, melting profiles, colour and hardness of the derived products measured using standard methods. Generally, the sugar-free chocolates showed similar flow (rheological) and melting properties as compared to the reference chocolate. Sucrose replacement with the inulin/polydextrose and stevia/thaumatin extracts resulted in significantly higher Casson viscosity. There were however no significant differences in the melting behaviour and texture of the sugar-free chocolates and the reference. Chocolates containing the sugar substitutes recorded lower onset temperatures and higher peak widths than the reference sample. Inulin and polydextrose mixtures could be used for sugar-free chocolate manufacture with satisfactory physicochemical properties when sweetened with stevia or thaumatin extracts.&#13;
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                <text>Risk analysis was conducted during processing of Vacuum-Packed Pouched Tuna Chunks using HACCP systems. The hazards likely to occur and their levels of severity and chances of occurrences were identified. Critical control points, critical limits, control and preventive measures, corrective actions for non-conformances and verification procedures were evaluated and documented. ISO 22000 Analysis Worksheet was also employed for determination of some prerequisite programmes (PrPs) and compared with the HACCP decision tree table for determination of Critical Control Points (CCPs). The PrPs were the main difference between the two systems. The major hazards identified were the probable contamination with spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms-Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium botulinum, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus: foreign materials-metal residues and sand; chemical …</text>
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                <text>Polyphenols are phytochemicals responsible for the astringency, bitterness, green flavours and antioxidant activities in Theobroma cacao beans. Polyphenols degradation in cocoa beans during roasting is crucial to the flavour outcome and it is influenced by factors such as temperature, time and pod storage. Antioxidants are compounds that help to inhibit oxidation reactions caused by free radicals such as singlet oxygen, superoxide, peroxyl radicals, hydroxyl radicals and peroxynitrite thereby preventing damage to the cells and tissues. Their mechanisms of action include scavenging reactive oxygen and decreasing localised oxygen concentration thereby reducing molecular oxygen’s oxidation potential, metabolising lipid peroxides to non-radical products and chelating metal ions to prevent generation of free radicals in humans. The study aimed at investigating changes in total polyphenols, anthocyanins, o-diphenols and antioxidant activity (free-radical scavenging activities) after roasting of pulp preconditioned and fermented cocoa beans using standard analytical methods. A 4× 4 full factorial design with the principal experimental factors as pod storage time (0, 3, 7 and 10 days) and roasting duration (0, 15, 30 and 45 minutes) at 120 o C were used to study the changes in the total polyphenols, anthocyanins, o-diphenols and% free-radical scavenging activities of the cocoa beans. Variable decrease in total polyphenols, odiphenols and anthocyanins were observed with increase in pre-conditioning (pod storage time) and roasting duration. However, variable trends were observed for the% free-radical scavenging activities. The total …</text>
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