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                <text>This study investigated the suitability of Stephan mixer for use as conche during small-scale chocolate production in an attempt to reduce cost and processing time. Molten chocolate was processed using the Stephan mixer under different temperature and time combinations and Buhler Elk'Olino conche (as reference), and the flow properties (Casson plastic viscosity, Casson yield stress and thixotropy) were studied using a shear-rate-controlled rheometer. Optimum settings of 65 °C for 10 min at 443 g dry conching followed by 50 °C for 15 min at 443 g wet conching in the Stephan mixer resulted in similar flow properties as the reference sample. Increasing the blade rotary speed for both dry and wet conching resulted in a decrease in flow properties. The Stephan mixer proved to be suitable for conching small-scale (approximately 1 kg) chocolate productions and could be explored as a fast and cost-effective …</text>
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                <text>Seth Graham-Acquaah, George Sodah Ayernor, Betty Bediako-Amoa, Firibu Kwesi Saalia, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa</text>
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                <text>Browning in raw and processed yams resulting from enzymes, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD), activities is a major limitation to the industrial utilization of Dioscorea varieties of yams. Two elite cultivars of D. rotundata species were selected to study the spatial distribution of total phenols and enzymes (PPO and POD) activities. The intensities of tissue darkening in fresh yam chips prepared from the tuber sections of cultivars during frozen storage were also studied. Total phenolic content was observed to be highest in the head and mid sections of the cultivars than at the tail end. PPO activity did not have any specific distribution pattern whereas POD activity was found to be more concentrated in the head than in the middle and tail regions. Browning was found to be most intense in the head regions of the two cultivars studied; and was observed to correlate with total phenol and dry matter …</text>
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                <text>Changes in chemical properties of dreid cocoa (Theobroma cacao) beans during fermentation</text>
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                <text>Mulono Apriyanto</text>
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                <text>Changes in acidification and sugars of cocoa pulp during fermentation of pulp pre-conditioned cocoa (Theobroma cacao) beans were investigated using a 3 × 3 full factorial experimental design with tree level treatment (control (TI), inoculum added in begin fermentation (IA), inoculum added in step (IB) and fermentation time as principal factors. pH, non-volatile (titratable) acidity, reducing sugars, and fermentation indexes of cocoa beans were studied using standard analytical methods. pH of the cocoa nibs increased with inoculum added and fermentation with consequential decrease in non-volatile acidity. Contrary, inoculum added and fermentation decreased the reducing sugars in cocoa nib. The most abundant fermentation indexes in unfermented cocoa bean with values of (TI) 0.31–0.88, (IA) 0.32–0.99, (IB) 0.33–1.03).</text>
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                <text>Getting Distance Learning to a Tipping Point Ideas from Malcolm Gladwell</text>
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                <text>According to Gladwell (2002), social phenomena such as fashion trends, crime rates, teenage smoking, infectious diseases etc. often witness, at some particular point in time, a sudden and dramatic turn in activity, catapulting them into epidemic proportions. This tipping point of social epidemics is often attributed to one or more factors. For example when in the 1990s, crime rate in New York City suddenly dropped over 60% in 5 years, the New York City police attributed it to effective policing strategies. Criminologists on the other hand cited the decline in illicit drug trade as the main reason, whilst economists pointed to the improvement of the city's economy. Though each reason given was true to some extent, a critical analysis revealed that, none of them, either in isolation or together with the others, could wholly account for the dramatic drop in crime rate (Gladwell, 2002). So what happened?</text>
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                <text>Distance Learning, as the name implies, simply means that a learner is at a distance from the tutor or instructor, and that the learner uses some form of technology to access learning materials, interact with the instructor and other learners, as well as obtain some other form of support. Although practiced for well over a century, it is only in recent times that there has been a resurgence of interest in distance learning as a potentially useful strategy for addressing educational issues. This resurgence has been rooted mainly in the evolution of new information and communications technologies, particularly the computer and internet/World Wide Web. As applying these technologies in educational settings have resulted in the improvement of pedagogical and administrative models for facilitating learning at a distance, distance learning has now become synonymous with other terminologies such as internet learning, online …</text>
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                <text>The Educational Potential of Media A Comparative Analysis</text>
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                <text>As they emerge, various media/technologies (radio, television, video, the internet/WWW etc.) have been welcomed by educators as agents that are capable of assisting in many aspects of the learning process. It is often believed that when used appropriately (ie interactively and with guidance), these technologies could enhance some social aspects of the learning process such as studentcentered learning, cooperative and collaborative learning, as well as components of motivation such as attention, relevance, satisfaction, feedback etc. Whilst not denying the fact that these technologies do make a positive impact on the educational landscape, majority of educational technology researchers often come to the realization that as each technology matures with time, it does not completely live up to its promises. For instance, with its onset in the early 1900s, film was heralded as a technology that would alter education as no other technology had done before. In 1913 Edison predicted that" Books will soon be obsolete in schools... scholars will soon be instructed through the eye. It is possible to touch every branch of human knowledge with the motion picture"(As cited in Cuban 1986, 11). A few years on, all motion picture could do was to supplement a few traditional courses, leaving anxious educators with very little options. The same can be said about television, video and even the computer, and as Ramsden (1992) observed, no medium, however useful, can solve fundamental educational problems.</text>
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                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=AXIuswEAAAAJ&amp;amp;cstart=20&amp;amp;pagesize=80&amp;amp;citation_for_view=AXIuswEAAAAJ:OcBU2YAGkTUC</text>
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                <text>A Case Study of the Use of a Wiki in a Higher Education Research Unit</text>
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                <text>Ting Yuan, Gary Natriello, Stephen Asunka, Jeannie Crowley, Hui Soo Chae</text>
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                <text>With collaborative web technologies such as wikis becoming increasingly popular in the workplace, this case study examined how workers at an education research unit within a graduate school of education perceive the wiki as a platform for communication and collaboration, and the extent to which they actually use a workplace wiki for that purpose. 20 staff members, for whom a wiki was built, were surveyed, whilst records of their activities on the wiki over a 6-month period were retrieved and analyzed. Findings reveal that though most of these staff members have positive views towards the wiki as a space that can effectively promote information sharing and collaboration, they are not quite as enthusiastic about engaging the wiki as a medium for their daily collaborative work activities. The possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed together with recommendations on the strategies similar organizations can adopt to help encourage and maximize wiki usage in the workplace.</text>
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                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=AXIuswEAAAAJ&amp;amp;cstart=20&amp;amp;pagesize=80&amp;amp;citation_for_view=AXIuswEAAAAJ:P7Ujq4OLJYoC</text>
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                <text>Supporting and Enhancing Social Scholarship in the Digital Age: The Case of PocketKnowledge</text>
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                <text>Stephen Asunka, Hui Soo Chae, Gary Natriello</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This article reports on a study of the adoption and use of an institutional digital repository and social networking website by the academic community of a graduate school of education in the Northeastern United States. Specifically, the researchers investigate:(1) the rate of adoption and use of the repository by faculty, staff, students and alumni of the university,(2) the contents and levels of participation of these respective groups, and (3) the emergence of collaborative, online and open access scholarship within the institution. Employing a Transaction Log Analysis (TLA) methodology, three successive years of database usage records were gathered and analyzed, and based on the findings, the researchers discuss the potential of digital repositories for advancing social scholarship.</text>
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                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=AXIuswEAAAAJ&amp;amp;cstart=20&amp;amp;pagesize=80&amp;amp;citation_for_view=AXIuswEAAAAJ:GFxP56DSvIMC</text>
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