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                  <text>Food Science </text>
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                <text>Structure-properties (rheology, texture and melting) relationships in chocolate manufacture</text>
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                <text>EO Afoakwa</text>
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                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=EZuX1N8AAAAJ&amp;amp;cstart=100&amp;amp;pagesize=100&amp;amp;citation_for_view=EZuX1N8AAAAJ:cFHS6HbyZ2cC</text>
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                  <text>Food Science </text>
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                <text>Souring and starch behaviour during co-fermentation of cassava and soybean into gari ‘farina’</text>
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                <text>EO Afoakwa, JE Kongor, AS Budu, GA Annor</text>
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                <text>Investigations were conducted to dete rmine changes in souring/acidification and starch behaviour during co-fermentation of cassava and soybean into gari, ‘farina’ an African fermented product. A 3 x 4 factorial experiment was performed with fermentation time (0, 24 and 48 h) and soybean conce ntration (0, 10, 20 and 30%) as variables. Titratable acidity, pH and starch content were studied using standard analytical methods. Starch breakdown and pasting characteristics were also evaluated . The results revealed that pH decreased with concomitant increases in titratable acidity during co -fermentation of the cassava dough. Soy - fortification up to 30% caused significant (p&lt;0.05) effects on the pH, titratable acidity and starch content during the fermentation period with only minimal and insignificant (p&lt;0.05) effect noted at 20% soy level. Fermentation caused significant differences (p&lt;0.05) in the pH, titratable acidity and starch concentration. Starch content decreased from 69.8% to 60.4% within the 48 h fermentation time in the unfortified sample with similar trends noted at all levels of fortification. Starch pasting characteristics showed that the pasting temperature significantly increased with increasing fermentation time and soybean concentration. Contrary to this, viscosity at 95°C and at 50°C HOLD decreased with increasing fermentation time and soybean concentration. Peak viscosity decreased from 1150 BU to 820 BU and 750 BU after 48 hours of fermentation, with 0% and 30% soybean levels respectively. Cassava could be cofermented with soybean up to 20% concentration during gari processing, without significant effect on its process and …</text>
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                <text>2010</text>
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                  <text>Faculty of IT Business</text>
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                <text>Consumer attitude towards shopping malls in sub-Saharan Africa : an exploration of the "new" retail format in Ghana</text>
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                <text>Robert Ebo Hinson,</text>
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                <text>This study investigates the Ghanaian retail sector, with particular focus on shopping malls and the behaviour of their patrons i.e. the shoppers. The study reveals eight (8) key mall visitation motivations and five (5) key shop attributes that attract Ghanaian shoppers. Escapism influences the shoppers most, followed by pleasure flow, safety, aesthetic and architectural leisure, respectively. The least motivational factor is exploration. The result suggests that shoppers in Ghana are most likely to see the mall as an escape route from their daily hectic conditions, a place for relaxation. This study has demonstrated that, the retailing environment of the mall can be best understood by studying the characteristics of the tri-components i.e. shoppers, shop, and mall as all activities and behaviour at the mall are inextricably intertwined. Though the study seeks to investigate the behaviour of patrons of shopping malls in the developing economies within the sub-Saharan Africa, the findings are based on shoppers in Ghana. Therefore care must be taken in applying the findings to other developing economies due to differences in culture.</text>
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                <text>Published Online:1 Jan 2012https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC128581&#13;
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                <text>https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/EJC128581</text>
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                  <text>Food Science </text>
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                <text>&#13;
Cocoa processing and chocolate technology</text>
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                <text>EMMANUEL OHENE Afoakwa</text>
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                <text>Chocolates are semisolid suspensions of fine particles from sugar, cocoa, and milk (depending on type) that make up about 70% of the total weight of the product. ese particles are distributed throughout a continuous fat phase, which is mostly made up of cocoa butter (Afoakwa et al. 2007). e cocoa solids used are derived from beans obtained from fruit of the cocoa tree (Theobroma cacao), with world production dominated by Forastero varieties. Another type, Criollo, is presently rare in production. e Trinitario type is a diseaseresistant hybrid of Criollo and Forastero that is often regarded as a flavor bean and accounts for about 5% of world production (Afoakwa et al. 2008c). Growth of Forastero beans to give the trade name basic or bulk cocoa occurs mainly in West Africa and Brazil. Criollo (flavor cocoa) is largely grown in Central and South America. West Africa now produces between 70% and 75% of world cocoa …</text>
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                <text>2014</text>
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                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=EZuX1N8AAAAJ&amp;amp;cstart=100&amp;amp;pagesize=100&amp;amp;citation_for_view=EZuX1N8AAAAJ:s_OEDnM-dbEC</text>
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                <text>Factors influencing quality variation in cocoa (Theobroma cacao) bean flavour profile-A</text>
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                <text>Davy Van de Walle, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Pascal Boeckx, Koen Dewettinck</text>
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                <text>John Edem Kongor a, b,⁎, Michael Hinneh a, b, Davy Van de Walle a, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa b, Pascal Boeckx c, Koen Dewettinck a a Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium b Department of Nutrition &amp; Food Science, University of Ghana, PO Box LG 134, Legon-Accra, Ghana c Isotope Bioscience Laboratory (ISOFYS), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium abstract articleinfo</text>
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                <text>2016</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="12431">
                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=EZuX1N8AAAAJ&amp;amp;cstart=100&amp;amp;pagesize=100&amp;amp;citation_for_view=EZuX1N8AAAAJ:cocyvO7vrcwC</text>
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                <text>Examining the link between social capital, knowledge quality, SMEs innovativeness and performance</text>
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                <text>Robert Ebo Hinson</text>
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                <text>The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between some elements of social capital, knowledge quality,&#13;
and Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)’ innovativeness and export performance. Data were collected from owners/&#13;
managers of SME exporters in Ghana. Structural Equation Modeling was used for the data analysis. The results indicate&#13;
that the elements of social capital facilitate access to quality knowledge which consequently improves SMEs’ innovativeness. The study also shows that SMEs’ innovativeness affects their export performance.</text>
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                <text>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0266382120970157</text>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12416">
                <text>Physico-functional and starch pasting properties of cassava (Manihot esculenta Cruntz) flours as influenced by processing technique and varietal variations</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12417">
                <text>EO Afoakwa, GO Sampson, D Nyirenda, CN Mwansa, L Brimer, L Chiwona-Karltun</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="12418">
                <text>This study investigated effects of processing technique and varietal variations on the physicofunctional, starch pasting and viscoelastic properties of cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) flours using a 3x6 factorial experimental approach. Samples were evaluated for their non-volatile acidity, pH, swelling power, solubility water absorption capacity (27oC and 70oC), colour and starch pasting characteristics of the cassava flours using standard methods. Grating and soaking of the cassava tubers significantly (p&lt; 0.05) reduced the pH of all the varieties with concomitant increases in non-volatile acidity. Grating and soaking significantly (p&lt; 0.05) reduced the swelling power, solubility and water absorption capacity of the flours. Soaked Chila B flour recorded the highest pasting temperature of 66.9 C whiles soaked Mweulu flour recorded the highest peak viscosity (684 BU), viscosity at 95oC (683 BU) and viscosity at 95oC-hold (359 BU), suggesting that the flours from the different cassava varieties could be targeted for different food and industrial products.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12419">
                <text>2021</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12420">
                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=EZuX1N8AAAAJ&amp;amp;cstart=100&amp;amp;pagesize=100&amp;amp;citation_for_view=EZuX1N8AAAAJ:OC7j4ufeY2cC</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12421">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="2013" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="42">
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10235">
                  <text>Food Science </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12410">
                <text>&#13;
Optimization of the nutritional quality characteristics of cowpea-fortified nixtamalized maize using computer-generated response surface models</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12411">
                <text>Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Samuel Sefa-Dedeh, Beatrice Cornelius</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12412">
                <text>n order to determine the ideal pre-processing conditions that would result in the highest quality canned product from the recently produced cowpea variety, seeds of the cowpea (IT87D195Y) were canned. For a Central Composite Rotatable Design, the independent variables were the time spent blanching, the amount of time spent soaking, and the amount of sodium hexametaphosphate [(NaPO3)6] salt used (CCRD). When canning cowpeas, the pre-processing parameters from the CCRD were applied, and response surface approach was used to analyze the quality traits (seed hardness, moisture content, pH of the drained liquid, weight, splitting of the seeds, and leached particles) of the canned goods. Response surface curves were plotted using regression models created through regression analysis. suitability of the model equation for prediction</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12413">
                <text>2002</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12414">
                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=EZuX1N8AAAAJ&amp;amp;cstart=100&amp;amp;pagesize=100&amp;amp;citation_for_view=EZuX1N8AAAAJ:QIV2ME_5wuYC</text>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12415">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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  <item itemId="2012" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="42">
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10235">
                  <text>Food Science </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
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    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12403">
                <text>Response surface methodology for studying the effects of feed moisture and ingredient variations on the chemical composition and appearance of extruded sorghum-groundnut-cowpea …</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12404">
                <text>Emmanuel K Asare, Samuel Sefa-Dedeh, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Esther Sakyi-Dawson, Agnes S Budu</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12405">
                <text>Studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of feed moisture and ingredient variations on the chemical composition and appearance of extruded sorghum-groundnut-cowpea blends using response surface methodology. Central composite rotatable design for k = 3 was used to study the combined effect of feed moisture (12 to 44 percent), groundnut concentration (zero to 10 percent) and cowpea level (zero to 20 percent) on the chemical composition and appearance of extruded ready-to-eat sorghum-legume blends in a single screw extruder. Product moisture, crude protein, crude fat, ash (minerals), crude fibre, carbohydrate and colour (L, a and b-values) were determined on the products using standard analytical methods. The results showed that irrespective of the feed moisture level, the extrusion process could reduce the product moisture to levels between six to 10 percent and low enough to extend the shelf …</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12406">
                <text>De Gruyter</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12407">
                <text>2010</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12408">
                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=EZuX1N8AAAAJ&amp;amp;cstart=100&amp;amp;pagesize=100&amp;amp;citation_for_view=EZuX1N8AAAAJ:4JMBOYKVnBMC</text>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12409">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="2011" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="42">
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        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10235">
                  <text>Food Science </text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
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      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12398">
                <text>The influence of fermentation and cowpea fortification on the quality characteristics of maize-based weaning foods</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12399">
                <text>EO Afoakwa, S Sefa-Dedeh, Y Kluvitse, EO Sakyi-Dawson</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12400">
                <text>2003</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12401">
                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=EZuX1N8AAAAJ&amp;amp;cstart=100&amp;amp;pagesize=100&amp;amp;citation_for_view=EZuX1N8AAAAJ:TQgYirikUcIC</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12402">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
