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                <text>Investigations were conducted on the effect of sugar concentration, pH balance and high methoxy pectin concentration on quality characteristics of pineapple jam using standard analytical methods. Addition of 50% sugar improved the colour and texture of the jam. Non-sugar jam was too soft, and could not hold their form. The jam balanced to pH 3.2 and 3.5 with the addition of lemon juice as a source of acid was of acceptable finished pH. Jam colour was not greatly affected by the incorporation of lemon juice. Addition of pectin had no significant effect on the pH of the finished jam. Sufficient pectin levels (0.5%) however improved the texture, gel formation and enhanced spreadability of the jam. Non-pectin jam was hard, tough and stiff and this was more evident in the 100% sugar with no pectin jam formulations. At 1.0% pectin concentration, spreadability of the jam was poor and colour became redder. Sensory rating of the pineapple jam indicated that addition of sugar generally improved the taste acceptability of jam. Results show that there is a significant difference (p= 0.5) in the jam formulations as a result of variations in concentrations of sugar, acid and pectin. For a good quality jam, a sugar concentration of at least 50%, with the addition of 0.5% pectin with pH between 3.2 and 3.5 would produce a jam of acceptable colour, spreadability, gel set and good taste as well.</text>
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                <text>Rheological properties of seven different yams (Dioscorea species) within the yam germplasm</text>
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                <text>Delali Polycarp, Emmanuel Ohene AFOAKWA, Agnes K Anane-Asamoah</text>
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                <text>This study was designed to characterize the most cultivated and consumed yam (Dioscorea) cultivars within the Ghanaian yam germplasm based on their rheological properties in order to assess their potential alternative food and industrial processing applications. Matured yam varieties grown and harvested under the same climatic and edaphic factors were obtained from the Roots and Tuber Conservatory Division of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Plant Genetic Resources Research Institute, Bunso Ghana. Samples were processed into flour and the pasting characteristics along the length of each variety were determined using Brabender Visco-amylograph (Brabender Instrument Inc. Duisburg, West Germany) equipped with a 700 cmg sensitivity cartridge. Significant differences (p&lt; 0.05) existed among the yam varieties for their pasting characteristics. However, no significant differences were observed in the pasting profile along the tail (T), middle (M) and head (H) regions of each tuber. Pastes from flours of D. rotundata had high maximum and final viscosities (333.5-384.5 BU and 343.5-404.0 BU respectively). Breakdown viscosity was low (&lt; 10 BU) in all the studied varieties, except D. dumetorum (54-71 BU). The findings from this research will be relevant to yam producers and processors in programmes aimed at developing new food/industrial processing applications using Ghanaian yams.</text>
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                <text>2016</text>
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                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=EZuX1N8AAAAJ&amp;amp;cstart=100&amp;amp;pagesize=100&amp;amp;citation_for_view=EZuX1N8AAAAJ:2MdNiwGT7yoC</text>
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                <text>English</text>
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                  <text>Faculty of IT Business</text>
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                <text>Re-imagining Educational Futures in Developing Countries&#13;
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                <text>Robert Ebo Hinson</text>
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                <text>universities are growing more quickly than the government’s capacity to fnance&#13;
these institutions (Iruonagbe et al., 2015; Olaleye et al., 2020).&#13;
Beyond the university itself, there are challenges with internet penetration&#13;
and power supply. As many people must use the internet for online teaching&#13;
and learning, poor internet connections pose a problem. Internet penetration&#13;
in Nigeria stood at 42% in January 2020, and the average speed of mobile&#13;
internet connections was 15.32 Mbps compared to the United Kingdom with&#13;
35.57 Mbps and Australia with 67.66 Mbps; in addition, 96% of mobile connections in Nigeria are prepaid (DataReportal, 2021). Countries in emerging&#13;
economies also have an average speed of 10  Mbps (Hannata, 2019). Te&#13;
fnancial implications of using the internet are also an issue, as many people&#13;
may have to buy more data to engage with teaching and learning.&#13;
Te power supply in these countries poses a challenge that may afect the&#13;
teaching and delivery of lectures. Te World Energy Outlook special report&#13;
recognises the persistent lack of access to electricity, and the unreliability of&#13;
electricity supplies in emerging countries, including in the continent of Africa.&#13;
Tis lack of access is a factor that is inhibiting the progress and development&#13;
of the continent, as there are over 600 million people in Africa who do not&#13;
have access to electricity (IEA, 2019) and 350 million people in developing&#13;
Asia (Cozzi et al., 2018). While Africa has 20% of the world’s population, it&#13;
accounts for less than 4% of global electricity use (Te Economist, 2019).&#13;
Tis lack of access to electricity also provides challenges for universities, staf&#13;
and students who may want to adopt online teaching. Tis is a peculiar challenge for emerging countries that may not apply in more developed locations.&#13;
Urbanisation, growing populations and economic conditions pose other&#13;
challenges that are peculiar to emerging countries (Alhumaid et al., 2020).&#13;
Even in many developed countries, there are still disadvantaged students from&#13;
various backgrounds, including minority ethnic groups, and low-income,&#13;
migrant and indigenous families, who have not beneftted from the internet&#13;
and new technologies (Ng &amp; Graham, 2018). If some individuals are still&#13;
disadvantaged in developed countries, there are many more deprived students&#13;
in emerging ones. Ho and Lau (2018) recognised the impact of the home&#13;
literacy environment on student engagement including the educational levels&#13;
of parents; the sociocultural and economic conditions of these countries also&#13;
pose additional challenges. Tere are concerns around parents’ abilities to&#13;
support their children, and the availability of a conducive studying environment at home, especially when people live in high-density areas (Ijadunola&#13;
et al., 2019; Rotas &amp; Cahapay, 2020). Importantly, in emerging countries,&#13;
parents also have lower literacy levels.</text>
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                <text>https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Varsha-Jain-6/publication/358600114_Role_of_Culture_in_Developing_Transformative_Leadership_for_Higher_Education_in_Emerging_Economies/links/64a7acfcb9ed6874a501cd5e/Role-of-Culture-in-Developing-Transformative-Leadership-for-Higher-Education-in-Emerging-Economies.pdf#page=19</text>
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                  <text>Food Science </text>
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                <text>Tempering and fat crystallization effects on chocolate quality</text>
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                <text>EO Afoakwa, EO Afoakwa</text>
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                <text>2010</text>
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