An Exploratory Assessment of Indirect Tax Contribution by Oil and Gas Companies in Ghana
In the context of this development, value added tax (VAT) and goods and services tax (GST) rates keep on increasing, the scope of taxes are also expanding at the same time. Governments have put in more effort to increase its revenues so as to reduce deficits, but without endangering the fragile of economic growth or the competitiveness of the local economy. Based on this concept, increasing indirect taxes is deemed to be more suitable, instead of increasing direct taxes like the corporate taxes. In the United States of America for instance, several of the states are extending their scope of their general taxes consumptions. Ghana was among a host of developing countries that experienced fiscal crises in the 1970s and 1980s. These fiscal imbalances led to undesirable impacts on domestic prices, interest rates and balance of payments. The fiscal imbalances also led to differing policy instruments for accelerating growth. There are a number of policy instruments that can be used to accelerate growth. The government of Ghana heavily rely on indirect taxes to boost revenues. For instance, the customs duties and the local excise tax illustrates a much higher percentage of overall tax revenue in the country. Due to the proliferation of the trade agreement and the increasing importance of the oil marketing companies in the country, the consumptions taxes like the VAT and the GST among the oil marketing companies represent a significant portion of government revenue. These challenges do not facilitate an effective tax collection within the sector, hence there is the need for an effective exploratory of indirect tax contribution by these oil and gas companies in Ghana. The researcher opted for the use of the tax payment sheet of these Oil marketing Company and Bulk Distribution Companies. This was however gathered from the Customs Division at the Tema Oil Refinery. The analysis revealed that the respondents were of the view that the tax system was robust in achieving yearly increase in government share of oil revenue, adequate in tax incentives packages necessary for the attraction of foreign direct investments, and sound in terms of international competitiveness. The finding on VAT with one period lag of one suggests some caution on the part of the government to identify all administrative loopholes for leakages to plug and to continue to maximize the contribution of VAT revenue to economic growth.
Assessing the Challenges to the Effective Implementation of Monitoring and Evaluation Of Projects (A Perspective of the Construction Industry In Ghana.)
Projects monitoring and evaluation provide stakeholders with ceaseless inputs for the implementation, execution, interval and terminal assessments of ongoing projects. It has been established that monitoring and evaluation is an aspect of project management that needs the commitment of all stakeholders involved in the project. In Ghana, efforts are being made to monitor and evaluate projects to ensure favorable outcome and minimize wastage. This research study focuses on examining the role and challenges of monitoring and evaluation of Tema Development Corporation Projects using FOAT. The researcher adopted the both descriptive and quantitative analysis as a methodology. In view of that, questionnaires were administered to various professionals on board projects within the TDC’s domain. This approach was considered because it offers better investigation and in-depth examining of issues to get required responses. Findings from the research revealed that the M&E roles played by staff in TDC were not enough to support effective and efficient M&E management on TDC projects. The application of FOAT assessment tool was found to be difficult in terms of usage in the M & E activities of TDC, this exposed the fact that there was no clear effectiveness and credibility that the monitoring and evaluation activities of TDC’s M&E and National Integrated M&E promotes and strengthens connectedness and collaboration in governance. Responses from the questionnaires administered goes further to prove that there was lack of clear roles and effective organizational structures within TDC’s monitoring and evaluation activities. The final Outcome Measurement of projects undertaken by TDC was the key indicator in measuring projects by the corporation. This study was the first of its kind since the FOAT is commonly used only by municipal and district assemblies rather than other state owned enterprises. The study did not extend to the development of M&E theories. This study goes further to make recommendations on the possible means to curb these challenges and measures to implement effective M&E practices using the FOAT as an assessment tool.
Application of Frederick Herzberg’s Two-Factor theory in assessing and understanding employee motivation at work: a Ghanaian Perspective
This paper critically examines Frederick Herzberg’s two-factor theory and assesses its application and relevance in understanding the essential factors that motivate the Ghanaian worker. The two-factor theory of motivation explains the factors that employees find satisfying and dissatisfying about their jobs. These factors are the hygiene factors and motivators. The hygiene factors when absent can lead to dissatisfaction in the work place but when fully catered for in the work environment on their own are not sufficient to satisfy workers whereas the motivators referring to the nature of the job, provide satisfaction and lead to higher motivation. This paper adds to the understanding of what motivates the Ghanaian worker most and creates the platform for a re-evaluation of the thinking and viewpoint that workers rate motivator factors higher than the hygiene factors in the work setting.
Global CSR, drivers and consequences: a systematic review
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic review of research studies on the drivers and consequences of corporate social responsibility (CSR). Design/methodology/approach This paper used a systematic literature review using research papers published on the drivers and consequence of global CSR from 2010 to 2020. Findings The findings of this paper show that the principal themes of published research articles on the drivers and consequences of CSR are internal drivers, external drivers and consequences of CSR. Publications on the drivers and consequences of global CSR have been dominated by studies that used quantitative approach and cross-sectional design. A significant number of studies also used secondary data source with most of these studies not being sensitive to sectorial influences. More importantly, this study revealed that the emphasis of CSR on actions that demonstrate …
A review of empirical research on corporate social responsibility in emerging economies
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic review of empirical research studies on corporate social responsibility (CSR) in emerging economies. Design/methodology/approach This paper employed a systematic literature review using research papers published on CSR in emerging economies from 2010 to 2019. Findings The findings of this paper show that the principal themes of published research articles on CSR in emerging economies are (1) effects of CSR, (2) drivers of CSR and (3) challenges of CSR. Additionally, publications on CSR in emerging economies have been dominated by studies that used quantitative approach and cross-sectional design. A significant number of studies also employed secondary data sources with most of these studies not being sensitive to sectoral influences Research limitations/implications The research is non-empirical. Practical implications CSR is an area that …
Agricultural Trade, Policy Reforms, and Global Food Security
Modern Information Technologies in Scientific Research and Educational Activities.
The monograph summarizes and analyzes the current state of scientific research in the field of interactive artificial intelligence systems, text generation systems, and diagnostics of the competitiveness of specialists in the areas of correct color rendering in image formation, informatization of the work of graduate students, and accessible technology for creating three-dimensional 3D models. The monograph will be useful both to specialists and employees of companies working in the IT field, as well as teachers, masters, students, and graduate students of higher educational institutions, as well as anyone interested in issues related to information technology. The monograph was compiled based on the results of the 16th international scientific and practical conference Information technologies and automation - 2023, which took place in October 2023 at Odessa National University of Technology.
Kyrylo Malakhov, Vadislav Kaverinskiy, Liliia Ivanova, Oleksandr Romanyuk, Oksana Romaniuk, Svitlana Voinova, Sergii Kotlyk, Oksana Sokolova
This resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
Varietal diversity and processing effects on the biochemical composition, cyanogenic glucoside potential (HCNp) and appearance of cassava flours from South-Eastern African region
Changes in biochemical quality and cyanogenic safety in flours from different cassava varieties grown within the South-eastern African region as influenced by processing technique were investigated. Two local (Mweulu and Tanganyika) and four improved Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD)-tolerant cassava varieties (Chila A, Chila B, Bangweulu and Kampolombo) were processed using different processing techniques (chipping, grating and soaking). Flours obtained from these products were studied for changes in their starch content, total, reducing and non-reducing sugars, colour and cyanogenic potential (HCNp) using standard analytical methods. The results showed that the different processing techniques had only minimal but significant (p<0.05) effects on the starch and sugar content of the different cassava varieties. Flour made from chips from all six cassava varieties had relatively high cyanogenic potentials with values ranging between 30.1 mg HCN/kg in Chila A to 64.3 mg HCN/kg in Bangweulu. Grating and soaking of the roots, however resulted in drastic reductions in the levels of the cyanogenic glucosides in all the varieties. The high HCNp levels in the chips from Chila A and Bangweulu were reduced to 16.2 and 13.5 mg HCN/kg by the grating and soaking treatments respectively. Similar reductions in HCNp levels were noted for all the other varieties. Likewise, grating and soaking also caused significant (p<0.05) increase in the L*-values of the cassava flours compared to the cassava chip flours. Soaked Kampolombo had the highest L*-value of 78.40 suggesting that the soaked Kampolombo cassava sample was whiter than the …
L Chiwona-Karltun, EO Afoakwa, D Nyirenda, CN Mwansa, JE Kongor, L Brimer
Faculty of Food Science & Technology, UPM
Developing A Framework for A Tactile Internet Enabled Robot Assisted Real-Time Interactive Medical System
In this paper we outline a high-level framework and architecture for a robotic assisted real time interactive medical system for use in developing countries to help cure the acute shortage of qualified skill medical personnel in the health sector in of an internet of skills domain. We explore the application of new and innovative advancements in technological areas such as AI, 5G mobile networks, the tactile internet networks, robotics and haptic technology to aid in the digital transfer of medical expertise over a wide geographical area. We describe and propose technical specifications of such systems and review existing literature and current technologies in these areas. We interrogate the potential benefits and challenges facing the deployment of these technologies.
Signals, Systems, and Transforms. 5th Edition
Electrical, Electronics and Signal Processing