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Listening skill is one of the four important language competencies. However, it has not received the needed scholarly attention, not only in classroom pedagogy and curriculum planning but also in studies and researches in Applied Linguistics and…

This article sought to propose proper pedagogical means of teaching vocabulary without resorting to the use of L1 (Francophone learners⿿ Mother Tongue) or L2 (French language) when teaching Francophone learners English Language at all levels. It was…