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                <text>Pedagogical Transformations: A Five-Year Analysis of Instructional Practices in a University Learning Management System</text>
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                <text>This study examines the usage of the Blackboard Learning Management System (LMS) by faculty members and instructors at a graduate school of education in the Northeast United States. Specifically, the researchers investigate:(1) the rate of adoption of Blackboard by members of the university's instructional group,(2) the educational context within which instructors are using Blackboard, and (3) possible changes in the instructional practices of" expert" Blackboard instructors. The researchers employ unobtrusive data collection procedures to analyze five years of backend usage records for the purposes of:(1) describing the LMS technologies that instructors are assimilating, and (2) highlighting pedagogical shifts within the instructional unit over time. Based on the findings, the researchers discuss the potential of LMS as a pedagogy transformation</text>
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                <text>Instructor Perceptions and Intentions to Use a Tablet PC for Mobile Learning in a Ghanaian University</text>
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                <text>This study used aspects of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to predict instructor acceptance and adoption of a tablet computer for mobile learning in a Ghanaian University. Following the distribution of a customized tablet PC (known as Campus Companion) to all instructors of the institution, and an expectation that they will use these devices to support and facilitate mobile learning, data on instructor perceptions, attitudes, and behavioral intention to use the technology were gathered and analyzed. Thirty-eight (38) instructors participated in the study. Findings show that instructors’ intentions to use the tablet PC for mobile learning are very low, and are significantly influenced by their perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and attitude towards the device. Implications of these findings for practice and further research are discussed within the context of the adoption of m-learning within the Ghanaian higher education context in particular and the developing world in general.</text>
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                <text>Digitize or Perish</text>
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                <text>Stephen Asunka</text>
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                <text>In today’s knowledge and technology driven society, most scholarly information is increasingly being produced and distributed in digital formats. Yet, in Sub-Saharan Africa, academic libraries have been very slow at joining this digital movement, and hence stand the risk of losing their relevance, particularly with regard to locally generated intellectual material. To better serve the knowledge and information seeking needs of their patrons, librarians need to reinvent services. The challenges are discussed as well as prescriptions of workable strategies that librarians, information scientists, and other stakeholders can adopt to overcome these barriers. Such strategies mostly involve appropriately leveraging the existing Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools and resources to make library resources more accessible. Consequently, digitizing indigenous intellectual resources may keep libraries from perishing and respond to user needs and information seeking habits in Sub-Saharan Africa.</text>
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                <text>Collaborative Online Learning in Non-Formal Education Settings in the Developing World</text>
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                <text>Stephen Asunka</text>
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                <text>In the present knowledge economy, individuals, particularly working adults, need to continuously acquire purposeful knowledge and skills so they can better contribute towards addressing society’s ever-changing developmental challenges. In the developing world however, few opportunities exist for working adults to acquire such new learning experiences through the formal education sector, and this makes it imperative for organizations to develop non-formal education and training programs to help address this need. With the proliferation of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) worldwide, this article recommends the adoption of Collaborative Online Learning (COL) by non-formal learning organizations as a means of helping address the education and training needs of working adults. The article thus provides an overview of COL, and then draws on the research literature on relevant theories to recommend best-practice strategies for designing and delivering effective and workable COL initiatives within non-formal education settings, particularly in the developing world.</text>
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                <text>2013</text>
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                <text>The Educational Potential of Media A Comparative Analysis</text>
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                <text>As they emerge, various media/technologies (radio, television, video, the internet/WWW etc.) have been welcomed by educators as agents that are capable of assisting in many aspects of the learning process. It is often believed that when used appropriately (ie interactively and with guidance), these technologies could enhance some social aspects of the learning process such as studentcentered learning, cooperative and collaborative learning, as well as components of motivation such as attention, relevance, satisfaction, feedback etc. Whilst not denying the fact that these technologies do make a positive impact on the educational landscape, majority of educational technology researchers often come to the realization that as each technology matures with time, it does not completely live up to its promises. For instance, with its onset in the early 1900s, film was heralded as a technology that would alter education as no other technology had done before. In 1913 Edison predicted that" Books will soon be obsolete in schools... scholars will soon be instructed through the eye. It is possible to touch every branch of human knowledge with the motion picture"(As cited in Cuban 1986, 11). A few years on, all motion picture could do was to supplement a few traditional courses, leaving anxious educators with very little options. The same can be said about television, video and even the computer, and as Ramsden (1992) observed, no medium, however useful, can solve fundamental educational problems.</text>
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                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=AXIuswEAAAAJ&amp;amp;cstart=20&amp;amp;pagesize=80&amp;amp;citation_for_view=AXIuswEAAAAJ:OcBU2YAGkTUC</text>
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                <text>Creating Effective Web Based Distance Learning Environments An Evaluation Summary of One Course</text>
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                <text>Distance Learning, as the name implies, simply means that a learner is at a distance from the tutor or instructor, and that the learner uses some form of technology to access learning materials, interact with the instructor and other learners, as well as obtain some other form of support. Although practiced for well over a century, it is only in recent times that there has been a resurgence of interest in distance learning as a potentially useful strategy for addressing educational issues. This resurgence has been rooted mainly in the evolution of new information and communications technologies, particularly the computer and internet/World Wide Web. As applying these technologies in educational settings have resulted in the improvement of pedagogical and administrative models for facilitating learning at a distance, distance learning has now become synonymous with other terminologies such as internet learning, online …</text>
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                <text>Blended or Hybrid Learning - an approach to learning where Internet technologies are strategically integrated into face-to-face learning activities so as to better achieve learning objectives - is gaining worldwide acceptance, particularly in higher education. However, whilst some institutions have over a decade of experience with implementing blended learning, many others are beginning to explore its potential and feasibility within their peculiar contexts. The latter is particularly applicable to many institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) that are grappling with financial constraints, low Internet bandwidth availability, high bandwidth costs, limited and unreliable power and communication infrastructure etc. Under these conditions, widespread adoption of blended learning is a considerable challenge. Consequently, research works aimed at establishing the effectiveness and validity of this mode of learning within the …</text>
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                <text>Colleges and universities all over the world continue to invest in technologies in support of teaching and learning, and are also working at getting faculty and instructors to use these technologies effectively to impact positively on learning outcomes. This is because the real value of educational technologies lies in the ability of faculty to integrate these technologies into their teaching and learning, and also use these technologies to further refine their course delivery and student engagement. Incidentally, faculty members in most institutions have different needs and requirements of technology, different levels of expertise, different communication styles, and different service expectations etc. This is being compounded by the proliferation of new technologies and concepts such as mobile computing, cloud computing, BYOD etc., a situation which is leading to the emergence of very diverse technology environments that …</text>
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