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                <text>Gender roles have evolved with time; however, males often demonstrate aggressive and risk-prone behaviours. Both genders show different attitudes towards objects and situations due to hormonal differences. Nevertheless, such a relationship is significantly influenced by the perception of the retail mix. It has been argued that women, in particular, are more influenced by the retail mix, shaping their view of a retail brand’s image. Consequently, this study aims to explore women’s perceptions of the retail mix on the retail brand image and examine the mediating role of employee attitudes. A quantitative research approach was used for this study. A purposive sampling technique was used to collect primary data from 287 women who were shopping. Partial Least Square Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the primary data and investigate the relationship among the variables. The study’s findings have …</text>
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recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or&#13;
information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar&#13;
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                <text>While community-based natural resource management appears common in Africa, management innovation (MI) in community-based tourism (CBT) on the continent has received limited attention. This chapter contributes to the innovative management of CBT promoted through recruiting actors that might seem remote ordinarily in tourism governance. We noted complexities in managing CBTs with multi-actors and diverse interests. Using actor network theory (ANT) and MI, we argue that CBT can be managed innovatively by recruiting diverse transnational, national and local actors, institutions, and discourses. It entails a complex and interactive engagement with actors that help in marketing, promoting, and tourism infrastructure development. MI in CBT is analysed within a network perspective of enrolling actors into a tourism system to pursue communal and corporate agenda. And lessons from CBTs in Ghana and South Africa highlight that (un)successful CBT is contingent on effective recruiting and enrolling of actors to promote resilient and inclusive tourism.</text>
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                <text>This book is a fascinating treatment of ethics, governance, and anti-corruption initiatives from a public sector management perspective and is especially relevant for an Africa looking to benefit from the recently launched Africa Continental Free Trade Area.&#13;
&#13;
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&#13;
Public sector management, ethics and corporate governance academics, students, managers and policy makers will find this edited volume critical to improving public sector management in Africa.</text>
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                <text>This study examines the usefulness of alter resources for the survival of small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) in Ghana. We utilize data from two rounds of poultry SME network surveys and accompanying SME attributes between 2014 and 2015. We focused on the resources that diffuse to SMEs from alters and the mechanism through which these resources diffuse. We observed that alter markets and technological resources are significant for the survival of SMEs in our sample. We also explored the effect of variations in alter resources along the lines of the type of resource being diffused and found that market resource spill overs have a positive effect while technological resource variations have a negative effect, but these do not rise to significance. Finally, we assessed the impact of the mechanism through which the resources are diffused and found that both direct and indirect tie mechanisms have a positive effect on survival but the effect of direct ties was higher than that of indirect ties.&#13;
&#13;
Cette étude examine l'utilité de modifier les ressources pour la survie des PME au Ghana. Nous utilisons les données de deux séries d'enquêtes sur le réseau de PME de volaille et accompagnant les attributs des PME entre 2014 et 2015. Nous nous sommes concentrés sur les ressources qui diffusent aux PME des altérations et le mécanisme par lequel ces ressources diffusent. Nous avons observé que les marchés et les ressources technologiques sont importants pour la survie des PME de notre échantillon. Nous avons également exploré l'effet des variations des ressources sur le modèle de la ressource diffusée et avons constaté que les retombées sur les ressources du marché ont un effet positif et les variations des ressources technologiques ont un effet négatif, mais elles n'ont pas de signification. Enfin, nous avons évalué l'impact du mécanisme par lequel les ressources sont diffusées et constaté que les mécanismes de liaison directe et indirecte ont un effet positif sur la survie, mais l'effet des liens directs était plus élevé que pour les liens indirects.</text>
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                <text>Theory and Cases, edited by George Babu and&#13;
Justin Paul, brings together ‘different perspectives from experts on how the data revolution&#13;
has shaped different regions, industries, and domains’ (2). This book documents how the&#13;
integration of digital technology into all areas of business and society fundamentally changes&#13;
the way businesses operate and deliver services to their consumers. Babu George is Associate&#13;
Professor of Management at Fort Hays State University, USA, while Justin Paul is Professor at&#13;
the Graduate School of Business, University of Puerto Rico, and member of Rollins College,&#13;
Florida, USA. Justin Paul is known widely for his introduction of the so-called Masstige model&#13;
and measures for brand management, the CPP Model for describing and comparing the&#13;
internationalization strategies along with the ‘7-Ps’ framework used in the study and practice&#13;
of international marketing.&#13;
The book reviewed here is a timely and significant publication for several reasons. Firstly,&#13;
we are living in an age of rapid digitalization. In the information and communication&#13;
technology (ICT) sector, there has indeed been a global revolution resulting in radical&#13;
changes in the way people communicate with each other. This revolution has had an&#13;
enormous impact on the way international business is conducted. In the space of 50 years,&#13;
the digital world has grown to become crucial to the functioning of society. To illustrate,&#13;
a recent study reports that 95% of young American adults own a cell phone and 97% of&#13;
these cell owners use text messaging. Furthermore, 90% of young adults use social networking sites (Abatayo, Lynham, and Sherstyuk, 2017). Secondly, we can observe both positive&#13;
and negative aspects of societal digitization: we can note current controversies surrounding&#13;
globally networked enterprises such as Facebook. In their edited collection, George and Paul&#13;
as editors allow a balanced view on both the threats and opportunities that the digital&#13;
transformation of business and society create.&#13;
The book comprises 16 chapters, contributed by some seasoned and some early-career&#13;
scholars. In an introductory chapter, Babu George, the principal editor, incisively sketches&#13;
a comprehensive picture for understanding the issues and problems with regard to the&#13;
digital revolution. As he observes: ‘we have some evidence to support the claim that the&#13;
digital revolution has helped us improve not just our business enterprises but our overall&#13;
standard of living as a community of people, around the world’ (2).&#13;
In chapter 2, Maria Lai-Ling Lam and Kei-Wing Wong explore the human flourishing in&#13;
smart cities by focusing on the characteristics and relevant issues of two of Asia’s foremost&#13;
‘smart cities’: Singapore and Songdo, in the Republic in Korea. The study generates the&#13;
following interesting arguments. First, Singapore and Songo are highly centralized and&#13;
developed to attract foreign investments and competitiveness. The authors indicate that&#13;
the cities attached huge amount of China-sourced inward financial investments and tourists.&#13;
Both cities are framed as a smart city with all computerized accessible buildings and electrical&#13;
sensors. They are managed through a centralized operating system that combines data&#13;
analytics, big data, and urban informatics. Second, the standard of living in both cities is –&#13;
by national and international comparisons – relatively high. However, the authors highlight&#13;
some notable human and environmental concerns. For instance, Singapore’s smart city&#13;
development plan was publicly criticized for its ‘lack of citizen’s participation’ (22).&#13;
A process of so-called ‘McDonaldization’ continues and, therefore, citizens are treated as&#13;
consumers and entrepreneurs in these smart cities</text>
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                <text>Marketisation is the application of economic theory to the practice of higher education. This is&#13;
based on the fundamental notion of the primacy of the market as a tool for business and&#13;
strategic decisions. The market is the primary unit of focus as it determines supply and demand,&#13;
while the ultimate goal is the maximisation of productivity and profit margins. However, there&#13;
are persistent arguments against the marketisation of higher education. The commercialisation&#13;
or commodification of education and its transactionalisation as a good to be sold by universities&#13;
and purchased by students is probably the most prominent critics. The chapter theoretically&#13;
explored the notion of marketisation and its growth on the African continent and discussed the&#13;
six conceptual ideas had become well developed in the marketisation of higher education in&#13;
order to provide a backdrop for the work covered in the subsequent chapters of this book. The&#13;
concluding section of the chapter provides an overview of the chapters in the book.&#13;
Keywords: marketisation, marketing communication, branding, higher education,&#13;
universities, Africa, edited book, introduction.</text>
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                <text>University of the Free State, South Africa </text>
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                <text>Universities in Africa are witnessing unprecedented growth; The government is establishing more&#13;
universities, and private institutions are also coming on board to meet the growing demands for&#13;
university places. As well as the increasing numbers of universities in Africa, there are also&#13;
international partnerships with universities in Europe and America, while some other universities&#13;
are opening campuses in Africa. Due to this increase, prospective university students have an&#13;
increasingly wide range of choices. Understanding this student choice is essential for the marketing&#13;
strategies of the universities. This process has been extensively researched in literature. This&#13;
plethora of knowledge, however, has focused on developed countries, leaving a gap in our&#13;
knowledge about student choices in Africa. This chapter introduces the coverage and contents of&#13;
the edited book which explores student choices in Africa. This book on Higher Education&#13;
Marketing in Africa - Explorations on Student Choice focuses on different factors that influence&#13;
the choice of prospective students in Africa to study at a particular university. The authors have&#13;
covered different geographies on the continent and employed different methodological approaches&#13;
to reach their study conclusions. The authors’ affiliations are also international in scope. The&#13;
collection reflects the diversity and breadth of current research within this stimulating and evolving&#13;
research area.&#13;
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                <text>Information is useful for enhancing the success of export firms operating on the advantaged and&#13;
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a larger e-readiness survey of Ghana’s non-traditional export sector, this study aims at identifying the&#13;
nature of information which players in Ghana’s export sector need to enhance export-competitiveness.&#13;
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export logistics providers, financial institutions, export associations, government/regulatory agencies and&#13;
export-related NGOs. The type of information respondents found most essential are those related to&#13;
market and production. NTE firms regularly receive information on payment, demand trend and orders.&#13;
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of firms in the same line of business as theirs. At the micro-level of Ghana’s non-traditional export&#13;
sector, e-business could be used as a tool for better acquisition, storage, sharing and utilisation of&#13;
information. Strategies for enhancing the e-efficacies of export industry players are discussed in the&#13;
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management literature from a developing economy context. &#13;
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