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                <text>L’enseignement/apprentissage en ligne du français langue étrangère au Ghana: quels avantages d’un recours au numérique</text>
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                <text>Cet article examine l'importance du numérique dans l’enseignement/apprentissage du français langue étrangère au Ghana. En effet, dans ce pays anglophone, l’omniprésence d’Internet et le développement d’applications en ligne ont donné lieu à de nouveaux procédés d’enseignement-apprentissage du français, langue étrangère. Notre étude qui s’ appuie sur les résultats d’une enquête empirique s’ interroge sur le caractère novateur et pertinent du recours aux nouvelles technologies dans l’enseignement-apprentissage du français et met en évidence les avantages de cette innovation pédagogique.</text>
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                <text>Same-Sex Marriage: Secular and Religious Views</text>
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                <text>Through investigative and explorative research, it was uncovered that same-sex marriage could be the surest way to check overpopulation and to annihilate mankind from the world. If people everywhere do not marry naturally (male and female union), by fifty years time, the whole world population will drastically dwindle, diminish and hence leading to abrupt usurpation and annihilation of human beings in the next one hundred and twenty (120) years.</text>
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                <text>This research work seeks to assess how computing, through teleconferencing could be used to contribute to the effectiveness of language teaching/learning in Africa, in general, and in Ghanaian universities, in particular through socio-cognitive and communicative language teaching approaches, explorative and investigative research. The study addresses the impact of French language on teaching/learning of English via teleconferencing teaching and learning in English. Language transfer has always occurred face-to-face delivery of teaching and learning but this research seeks to emphasise the results of learners’ performance through technology in didactics known as teleconferencing teaching and learning with the particular emphasis on errors committed. The study applies cognitive and socio-cognitive approaches to teaching/learning of languages via teleconferencing as well as using contrastive analysis to analyse common errors Francophone learners commit in English language (L3). It was discovered that the errors committed were due to language incompetence or perception blind spot or due to their background as francophone learners who have English language as L3, as well as overgeneralisation and wrong application of English structures. The paper stresses that language transfer or negative transfer either face-to-face teaching/learning or teleconferencing is concomitant of human existence, particularly in language teaching and learning.</text>
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                <text>EMPOWERING THE GHANAIAN YOUTH FOR ACCELERATED DEVELOPMENT</text>
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                <text>This article examines practical steps that must be taken to empower African youth for trans-generational accelerated and all round development. The data were generally gathered through questionnaires answered by 150 Ghanaian university students. It was found through administration of survey questionnaires that only a handful of the respondents had entrepreneurial and educational ambitions or goals after their University education. The synopsis of the findings is as follows: Employment focused ambitions-70%, Educational ambitions–20% and Entrepreneurial ambitions-10%. It was discovered that to ensure youth development, nurturing, training, equipping and empowering must be the principal pillars or stages to incorporate and harness tirelessly and diligently. It was also revealed that without equipping and empowering the youth educationally, economically and entrepreneurially, there cannot be any future development. The paper argues that empowerment leads to development. That is, a meaningful empowerment and equipping will automatically lead to sustainable accelerated development. The work contributes to the process of trans-generational development and empowerment that should definitely lead to sustainable national development as well as stressing the only panacea for juvenile delinquency. The paper proposes incorporation of mentorship and empowerment into Ghanaian tertiary institutions‟ programmes, as well as transforming the one year National Service to mandatory Mentorship and Empowerment for all graduates of tertiary institutions.</text>
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                <text>LES PROBLÈMES LIÉS À L’UTILISATION DES TIC DANS L’APPRENTISSAGE DU FRANÇAIS LANGUE ÉTRANGÈRE AU GHANA</text>
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                <text>Michael Owusu TABIRI</text>
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                <text>Cette étude a examiné les problèmes rencontrés par les étudiants qui ont étudié le français langue étrangère à travers les TIC dans une Université au Ghana. L'étude a adopté une approche d'enquête quantitative en administrant un questionnaire en ligne aux étudiants de premier cycle de l'université et en analysant les données à l'aide de statistiques descriptives. 550 étudiants ont participé à l'étude. Les résultats ont montré que la majorité des étudiants estiment que l’utilisation des TIC dans l’apprentissage du français langue étrangère est liée à de nombreux problèmes. Selon les étudiants, les problèmes liés à l’utilisation des TIC sont: la mauvaise connexion d’internet (46%), l’inaccessibilité à l'internet (17%), la panne régulière de courant (16%), les apprenants manquent de compétences technologiques (11%), pas de fourniture d'électricité (5%) et certains instructeurs n’ont aucune connaissance technologique,(5%). Sur la base des résultats de cette étude, certaines mesures pédagogiques pratiques telles que l'autonomisation de chaque foyer sur le plan technologique, et l'amélioration de l'accessibilité à l’internet dans tout le pays ont été proposées.</text>
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                <text>Francophone learners who pursue further studies in Anglophone countries could face academic, social, economic, religious and political difficulties due to their literary incompetence in English language (L3). Through the method of investigation and answering of questionnaires by learners, it was uncovered and affirmed that the main difficulties Francophone learners encounter in Anglophone countries were academic, social, religious, and political. It was revealed that the learning difficulties of Francophone students transcend the academic setting. Thus in the church, entertainment grounds, market and other places they visit and interact, they face difficulties.</text>
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                <text>This is a qualitative study that analysed the problem of subjunctive mood in English among Level 400 students in two Ghanaian universities. The data used for the analysis comprised students’ written exercises. This study adopted the contrastive analysis to analyse common errors or learners’ difficulties in using subjunctive mood in English (L2). From this, a total of 1020 wrong use of subjunctive mood were identified. Four categories of wrong use of subjunctive mood expressing; a desire or a wish (weresubjunctive), wrong use of subjunctive mood expressing a requirement or necessity, wrong use of subjunctive mood expressing suggestions and wrong use of subjunctive mood expressing hypothetical situations were identified. The results show that the subjunctive mood expressing suggestions recorded the highest form of error with 360 out of 1020 representing 35% out of the total number followed by the subjunctive expressing a requirement or necessity which recorded 300 errors representing 29% while wrong use of subjunctive mood expressing a desire or a wish (were-subjunctive) and subjunctive mood expressing hypothetical situations recorded 180 errors for each of them depicting 18% respectively. The work seeks to uncover the difficulties students of English usually encounter in the use of subjunctive mood. The study revealed that students face difficulties of identifying and writing all the types of the subjunctive mood such as formulaic subjunctive, mandative subjunctive, were-subjunctive and words that express hypothetical situations or improbable condition (type 2) in English (L2). Based on the findings of the study, three main causes …</text>
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                <text>IDENTIFICATION OF THE ENGLISH DETERMINER SYSTEM AMONG EFL STUDENTS IN GHANA: THE CASE OF FRANCOPHONE STUDENTS</text>
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                <text>The paper discusses the difficulties that students from French speaking countries who are pursuing&#13;
their studies in a Ghanaian university face in identifying English determiners. This is a qualitative&#13;
study that analysed the difficulties that level 100 Francophone students who have French as a Second&#13;
Language(L2) and English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in a Ghanaian university face in identifying&#13;
English determiners. The data used for the analysis comprised students’ written exercise. The&#13;
theoretical framework on which this research is based is article-focused theory which is discourse rule&#13;
transfer propounded by Robertson (2000) as well as the semantic model developed by Huebner (1983),&#13;
known as the "semantic wheel for noun phrase reference". Pre determiners, central determiners and&#13;
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25 representing 64%, followed by pre determiners with 11 representing 28% and post determiners&#13;
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into consideration the needs analysis and teaching all the three types of determiners in context&#13;
communication were proposed as means of minimising Francophone students’ difficulties in English&#13;
determiner system</text>
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                <text>Challenges of online learning of English/French language in higher education in Ghana.</text>
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                <text>This study investigated the challenges that learners of English and French encountered during their participation in online language learning in a university in Ghana. The study adopted a quantitative survey approach by administering online questionnaire to undergraduate students at the university and analysing the data using descriptive statistics.150 students participated in the study. The results indicate that majority of the students generally feel that online language learning is bedeviled with a lot of challenges, notably technology availability, accessibility, and affordability, as well as the lack of capacity on the part of language instructors to effectively deliver in their online teaching activities. The study further discusses students' opinions and experiences with the objective of determining the prospects of online language learning within the Ghanaian tertiary education context. Based on the findings, some pragmatic pedagogical measures like migrating teaching and</text>
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                <text>Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies. Hacettepe Universitesi, Egitim Fakultesi B Blok, Yabanci Diller Egitimi Bolumu, Ingiliz Dili Egitimi Anabilim Dali, Ankara 06800, Turkey</text>
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                <text>Challenges of online learning of English/French language in higher education in Ghana.</text>
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                <text>This study investigated the challenges that learners of English and French encountered during their participation in online language learning in a university in Ghana. The study adopted a quantitative survey approach by administering online questionnaire to undergraduate students at the university and analysing the data using descriptive statistics.150 students participated in the study. The results indicate that majority of the students generally feel that online language learning is bedeviled with a lot of challenges, notably technology availability, accessibility, and affordability, as well as the lack of capacity on the part of language instructors to effectively deliver in their online teaching activities. The study further discusses students' opinions and experiences with the objective of determining the prospects of online language learning within the Ghanaian tertiary education context. Based on the findings, some pragmatic pedagogical measures like migrating teaching and</text>
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