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                  <text>Food Science </text>
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                <text>Modelling tempering behaviour of dark chocolates from varying particle size distribution and fat content using response surface methodology</text>
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                <text>Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Alistair Paterson, Mark Fowler, Joselio Vieira</text>
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                <text>Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) for K=2 was used to study the combined effects of multi-stage heat exchangers for Stages 1 (14–30 °C) and 2 (12–28 °C) coolant temperatures at constant Stage 3 coolant and holding temperatures during tempering of dark chocolates using laboratory-scale mini-temperer. Quantitative data on chocolate temper index (slope) were obtained for products with varying particle size distribution (PSD) (D90 of 18, 25, 35 and 50 μm) and fat (30% and 35%) content. Regression models generated using stepwise regression analyses were used to plot response surface curves, to study the tempering behaviour of products. The results showed that both Stage 1 and Stage 2 coolant temperatures had significant linear and quadratic effects on the crystallization behaviour causing wide variations in chocolate temper index during tempering of products with variable PSD and fat content …</text>
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                <text>Assessment of soil fertility and quality for improved cocoa production in six cocoa growing regions in Ghana</text>
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                <text>John Edem Kongor, Pascal Boeckx, Pieter Vermeir, Davy Van de Walle, Geert Baert, EO Afoakwa, Koen Dewettinck</text>
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                <text>Inadequate or lack of prudent soil fertility management by cocoa farmers leads to nutrient depletion in cocoa production fields. The objective of this study was to assess current soil fertility status of cocoa farms from six cocoa growing regions in Ghana and to derive an integrated soil quality index (SQI). Composite soil samples from 0 to 30 cm depth were collected from 100 selected farms covering the six cocoa regions. Soil pH, %C, %N, total and available P, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K) were measured. These parameters were analyzed using principal component analysis, normalized, and integrated into a weighted-additive SQI. Soil pH of majority (59.0%) of the farms was within 5.6–7.2, suitable for cocoa production. Available soil-P in most (82%) of the farms was &lt; 20 mg kg−1. Soil quality in most farms was generally low, with an average SQI of 0.41 ± 0.14 …</text>
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                <text>Relationship between chocolate microstructure, oil migration, and fat bloom in filled chocolates</text>
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                <text>Claudia Delbaere, Davy Van de Walle, Frédéric Depypere, Xavier Gellynck, Koen Dewettinck</text>
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                <text>Fat bloom is one of the main quality problems in the chocolate industry. A bloomed chocolate product is characterized by the loss of its initial gloss and the formation of a gray‐whitish haze, which makes the product unappealing from a consumer point of view. In the industry, most of the fat bloom related problems arise in filled chocolate products, like pralines and chocolate‐coated biscuits. In these products, oil migration is considered the main cause of fat bloom development. It leads to the dissolution of solid cocoa butter crystals in the chocolate shell which may recrystallize with the formation of undesired crystals. These give rise, upon growth, to visual fat bloom. When looking at the available literature, most of the studies elucidate the possible mechanisms of oil migration and the subsequent fat bloom formation using model systems. These model systems are sometimes too distant from the real industrial …</text>
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                <text>2016</text>
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                <text>Effect of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth in Ghana</text>
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                <text>Maureen Enyonam Akos Lumos, Emmanuel Attah Kumah Amponsah, Edward Asumadu, George Oppong Appiagyei Ampong, Michael Nana Owusu-Akomeah</text>
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                <text>The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth in Ghana, by examining the effect of FDI flow, FDI stock and FDI per capita on economic growth. The study adopted the quantitative and descriptive research design to analyse annual time series data on the dependent and independent variables spanning twenty-seven (27) years from 1996 to 2022. The ordinary least square and seemingly unrelated regression techniques were used for data analysis. The study revealed that FDI flow, FDI stock and FDI per capita had a statistically significant positive effect on per capita economic growth. The study thus recommended that the government of Ghana should intensify its efforts to carefully develop and implement progressive and attractive policies that can induce more investment from foreign multinationals, thereby increasing the stock of external capital inflows that can be channelled into the most value generating sectors of the country to eliminate production inefficiencies and boost domestic output that can increase economic growth. Additionally, the government of Ghana through the appropriate agencies can improve the enforcement of its regulatory policies to ensure that multinational firms and the general activities of foreign investors consistently provide fair and commensurate wages to Ghanaian workers, in order to promote the beneficial effects that FDI has on reducing income inequality in Ghana. MNCs must therefore provide the same value of remuneration for the same level of skills-quality and demand that workers in other economies would receive. This will eliminate wage …</text>
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                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=NogL9W0AAAAJ&amp;amp;cstart=20&amp;amp;pagesize=80&amp;amp;citation_for_view=NogL9W0AAAAJ:iH-uZ7U-co4C</text>
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                <text>Sustainable Futures</text>
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                <text>Mohammed Musah, Isaac Ahakwa, Simplice A Asongu, Michael Owusu-Akomeah, George Oppong Appiagyei Ampong</text>
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                <text>This study examines the role of environmental taxes and environmentally-related technologies in the link between natural resources and load capacity factor in G10 nations over the period 1994 to 2019. Using robust econometric techniques, the study reveals that natural resources damage environmental quality by mitigating the nations’ load capacity factor while environmental taxes and environmentally-related technologies promote sustainable environment by increasing load capacity factor. The relevance of environmental taxes and environmentally-related technologies in moderating the effect of natural resources on environmental quality is dampened by extant average levels of natural resources rents which are negative. Policy implications are discussed.</text>
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                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=NogL9W0AAAAJ&amp;amp;cstart=20&amp;amp;pagesize=80&amp;amp;citation_for_view=NogL9W0AAAAJ:bEWYMUwI8FkC</text>
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                <text>Constraints for future cocoa production in Ghana</text>
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                <text>John Edem Kongor, Hans De Steur, Davy Van de Walle, Xavier Gellynck, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Pascal Boeckx, Koen Dewettinck</text>
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                <text>To address the growing global demand for cocoa, sustainable intensification of its production in West Africa is considered crucial. This paper analyzes the determinants of cocoa productivity and profitability by smallholder farmers in Ghana to provide insights into challenges for future cocoa farming, which will guide the formulation and prioritization of tailored policies to address them. A four-stage sampling technique was used to select a total of 731 cocoa farmers from various districts in all six cocoa growing regions in Ghana. Selected farmers were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The results show that cocoa productivity and profitability was very low with an average of 234 kg ha−1 and Gh¢ 568 (ca. US$ 150) per ha, respectively. Farm management practices, namely control of capsid and black pod disease, fertilizer application and pruning, significantly (p &lt; 0.05) influenced cocoa …</text>
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                <text>A Study on the Use of Primolut-N Tablet as a Contraceptive in the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Objective: This study investigated into the use of Primolut-N tablet which contains norethisterone (5 mg), popularly called'N-tablet'by users, as a pre-coital contraceptive by women in the Kumasi metropolis of Ghana.&#13;
Methods: Clients who called at any of the Twenty (20) selected Pharmacies in residential areas within the Kumasi metropolis demanding the drug, with or without valid prescriptions were interviewed using a structured proforma.&#13;
Results: Of the two hundred and twenty (220) users interviewed 94% demanded the drug for contraception and 6% for menstrual disorders. Sixty one percent of those demanding it for contraception were between the ages 20-25 years. Respondents preferred the use of norethisterone</text>
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                <text>Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Bridging the Child Right gap in a refugee context: survival strategies and impact on inter-generational relations.</text>
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                <text>K Hampshire, G Porter, K Kilpatrick, P Kyei, M Adjaloo, G Oppong</text>
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                <text>Bridging the Child Right gap in a refugee context: survival strategies and impact on inter-generational relations. Skip to main content Durham Research Online (DRO) Home Research Outputs People Faculties and Departments Research Areas Research Centres/Groups Advanced Materials and Electronic Devices Advanced Research Computing (ARC) Aesthetics, Ethics and Politics Algorithms and Complexity in Durham (ACiD) Artificial Intelligence and Human Systems (AIHS) Behaviour, Ecology and Evolution Research Centre (BEER) Biophysical Sciences Institute (BSI) Catchments and Rivers Centre for Advanced Instrumentation Centre for Banking Institutions and Development Centre for Chinese Law and Policy Centre for Consumers and Sustainable Consumption Centre for Contemporary Chinese Studies Centre for Criminal Law and Criminal Justice Centre for Culture and Ecology Centre for Death and Life …</text>
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                  <text>Food Science </text>
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                <text>Influence of enzymatically produced sunflower oil based cocoa butter equivalents on the phase behavior of cocoa butter and quality of dark chocolate</text>
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                <text>Sheida Kadivar, Nathalie De Clercq, Mansura Mokbul, Koen Dewettinck</text>
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                <text>The two enzymatically produced sunflower oil based cocoa butter equivalents (CBEs) were blended with cocoa butter (CB) at varying concentrations (g/100 g). The peak maximum decreased significantly upon the addition more CBE due to the presence of the low-melting TAGs. However, the melting heat and the melting onset temperature were comparable to CB up to 25 g CBE/100 g blend. The iso-solid diagram showed monotectic behavior with softening effect proportional to CBE increase. A significant decrease in SFC was observed at all temperatures for the blends in which the CBE ratio was above 25 g/100 g blend. The second part of this study was set out to determine the performance of CBE replacement in chocolates and compounds at 20 °C. All the chocolates and compounds even in the level of 5 g CBE/100 g blend had significantly lower Casson yield stress than reference chocolate. However, the …</text>
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                <text>2016</text>
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                <text>ASSESSMENT OF RISK AND CHALLENGES OF DEBT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN ORGANISATIONS</text>
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                <text>Kofi Mintah Oware, Solomon Samanhyia, George Oppong Appiagyei Ampong</text>
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                <text>Account receivables have been a major problem for most utility service providers especially those still dealing with the post payment method where services are rendered before payment is made. This study assessed risk and debt management practices using Ghana Water Company Ltd (GWCL) as a case study. Both primary data and secondary data were used. Ratio analysis was main data analytical procedure. The study found account receivables to be fluctuating from 2010 to 2014 whereas revenue collected falls short of account receivables over the same period. The account receivable to current asset ratio indicated the existence of poor management of account receivables. Improper risk management of accounts receivables led to the inability of GWCL to initiate maintenance and expansion projects. The weakness of the law, ineffective and inefficient management of accounts receivables and poor investment in the collection of account receivable were some of the factors identified as the causes of poor</text>
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                <text>IJECM</text>
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                <text>2015</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=NogL9W0AAAAJ&amp;amp;cstart=20&amp;amp;pagesize=80&amp;amp;citation_for_view=NogL9W0AAAAJ:kNdYIx-mwKoC</text>
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