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                <text>Generalized additive mixed modelling of river discharge in the black Volta river</text>
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                <text>River discharge data offer a rich source of information for reservoir management and flood control, if modelling can separate out the effects of rainfall, land use, soil type, relief, and weather conditions. In this paper, we model river discharge data from the Black Volta River, using Generalised Additive Mixed Models (GAMMs) with a space-time interaction represented via a tensor product of continuous time and discrete space. River discharge data from January 2000 to December 2009 for the four gauge stations along the Black Volta River namely, Lawra, Chache, Bui and Bamboi were obtained from the hydrological services department of Ghana and used for model fitting. Four GAMMs were explored, two with space-time interactions and two without space-time interactions. The comparison of the performance of the models with space-time interactions and those without space-time interactions based on Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) suggests that in this application, the former is better overall and in particular for modelling local variations. Further, a model with space and time main effects performed better compared with one without space and time main effects. After model selection, checking and validation, there is evidence for increasing river discharge from the most upstream gauge station to the most downstream gauge station for the study period.</text>
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                <text>Effects of weather and policy intervention on COVID-19 infection in Ghana</text>
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                <text>Even though laboratory and epidemiological studies have demonstrated the effects of ambient temperature on the transmission and survival of coronaviruses, not much has been done on the effects of weather on the spread of COVID-19. This study investigates the effects of temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind speed and the specific government policy intervention of partial lockdown on the new cases of COVID-19 infection in Ghana. Daily data on confirmed cases of COVID-19 from March 13, 2020 to April 21, 2020 were obtained from the official website of Our World in Data (OWID) dedicated to COVID-19 while satellite climate data for the same period was obtained from the official website of NASA's Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resources (POWER) project. Considering the nature of the data and the objectives of the study, a time series generalized linear model which allows for regressing on past observations of the response variable and covariates was used for model fitting. The results indicate significant effects of maximum temperature, relative humidity and precipitation in predicting new cases of the disease. Also, results of the intervention analysis indicate that the null hypothesis of no significant effect of the specific policy intervention of partial lockdown should be rejected (p-value=0.0164) at a 5\% level of significance. These findings provide useful insights for policymakers and the public.</text>
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                <text>Modelling trends of climatic variability and malaria in Ghana using vector autoregression</text>
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                <text>Malaria is considered endemic in over hundred countries across the globe. Many cases of malaria and deaths due to malaria occur in Sub‐Saharan Africa. The disease is of great public health concern since it affects people of all age groups more especially pregnant women and children because of their vulnerability. This study sought to use vector autoregression (VAR) models to model the impact of climatic variability on malaria. Monthly climatic data (rainfall, maximum temperature, and relative humidity) from 2010 to 2015 were obtained from the Ghana Meteorological Agency while data on malaria for the same period were obtained from the Ghana Health Service. Results of the Granger and instantaneous causality tests led to a conclusion that malaria is influenced by all three climatic variables. The impulse response analyses indicated that the highest positive effect of maximum temperature, relative humidity …</text>
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Hindawi</text>
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                <text>Determinants of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Smoked Bushmeat</text>
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                <text>Iddrisu Wahab Abdul., Martin Owusu Amoamah, Abu Abdallah</text>
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                <text>Zero‐Inflated Time Series Modelling of COVID‐19 Deaths in Ghana</text>
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                <text>Kassim Tawiah, Wahab Abdul Iddrisu, Killian Asampana Asosega</text>
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                <text>Discrete count time series data with an excessive number of zeros have warranted the development of zero‐inflated time series models to incorporate the inflation of zeros and the overdispersion that comes with it. In this paper, we investigated the characteristics of the trend of daily count of COVID‐19 deaths in Ghana using zero‐inflated models. We envisaged that the trend of COVID‐19 deaths per day in Ghana portrays a general increase from the onset of the pandemic in the country to about day 160 after which there is a general decrease onward. We fitted a zero‐inflated Poisson autoregressive model and zero‐inflated negative binomial autoregressive model to the data in the partial‐likelihood framework. The zero‐inflated negative binomial autoregressive model outperformed the zero‐inflated Poisson autoregressive model. On the other hand, the dynamic zero‐inflated Poisson autoregressive model …</text>
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                <text>Investigations were conducted employing a three-component constrained mixture design to formulate milk blends from soy milk, peanut milk and cow milk. Variations in chemical composition and physico-chemical properties of 10-soy-peanut-cow milk (SPCM) formulations were studied. Variations in soy-peanut-cow milk (SPCM) concentrations influenced to varying levels the chemical composition and physico-chemical properties of blends. SPCM formulations containing significant amounts of all three ingredients used (60-70% soy milk, 20-27% peanut milk and 7-20% cow milk) had high crude protein and fat values ranging from 2.20-2.51% and 5.00-6.35% respectively. Increasing soy concentrations caused relative increases in protein content while fat content increased with increasing peanut concentrations. SPCM formulations were high in the minerals Fe and Mn relative to cow milk which was high in Ca and Zn content. Trends in pH were contrary to titratable acidity and increased with increasing soy milk content but decreasing cow milk content. SPCM formulations demonstrated acceptable non-Newtonian behaviour and consistency indices.</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="11868">
                <text>Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Food Science &amp; Technology</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2013</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="11870">
                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=EZuX1N8AAAAJ&amp;amp;cstart=80&amp;amp;citation_for_view=EZuX1N8AAAAJ:5ugPr518TE4C</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Faculty of Computing and Information Systems</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Modelling the causes of tax default among small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) In the Tamale Metropolis of Ghana</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="11860">
                <text>Ali Napari Seidu, Iddrisu Wahab Abdul, Charles Sebil</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The study examined the factors that have a higher potential for tax default among Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) such as high tax rates on SMEs with their relatively low income levels, complex tax filing procedures, lack of proper tax education, high illiteracy rate among SMEs, Poor record keeping, multiple taxation and under declaration of income. The logistic regression model was used in this study to estimate the effect of the statistically significant factors on tax default. The findings revealed that the three most significant factors accounting for tax default among SMEs are the kind of SMEs, inadequate tax education by tax authorities, and multiple taxation. It is therefore recommended that SMEs should be adequately educated on the importance of tax to the state and be encouraged to pay tax to IRS and other mandatory agencies for the development of the Nation. Government as a policy should make tax payment attractive and unavoidable by both the informal and formal sectors.</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="11862">
                <text>European Scientific Journal</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2015</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="11864">
                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=ECTxVnYAAAAJ&amp;amp;citation_for_view=ECTxVnYAAAAJ:Zph67rFs4hoC</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10215">
                  <text>Faculty of Computing and Information Systems</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="11852">
                <text>Spatial analysis of the prevalence of obesity and overweight among women in Ghana</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="11853">
                <text>Killian Asampana Asosega, Atinuke Olusola Adebanji, Iddrisu Wahab Abdul</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Objective&#13;
Identifying hot spots for the overweight aids in effective public health interventions due to the associated public health burden and morbidities. This study, therefore aimed to explore and determine the spatial disparities in the overweight/obesity prevalence among women in Ghana. The study also aims at modelling the average body mass index (BMI) values using the spatial regression and the performance compared with the standard regression model.</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="11855">
                <text>British Medical Journal Publishing Group</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2021</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="11857">
                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=ECTxVnYAAAAJ&amp;amp;citation_for_view=ECTxVnYAAAAJ:UebtZRa9Y70C</text>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="11858">
                <text>English</text>
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          </element>
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  <item itemId="1924" public="1" featured="0">
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10235">
                  <text>Food Science </text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="11845">
                <text>Changes in cell wall constituents and mechanical properties during post-harvest hardening of trifoliate yam Dioscorea dumetorum (Kunth) pax tubers</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="11846">
                <text>Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Samuel Sefa-Dedeh</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="11847">
                <text>In an attempt to investigate the changes leading to the rapid post-harvest hardening of the white cultivars of Dioscorea dumetorum tubers, alterations in the plant cell wall constituents and mechanical properties of the tubers were monitored. A 4 × 2 factorial experiment with storage time (0, 24, 48 and 72 h) and storage conditions [cold room (4 °C, 85–100% RH) and tropical ambient (28 °C, 62–100% RH)] as variables were performed. Harvested tubers were stored for 24, 48 and 72 h under 4 and 28 °C. Changes in mechanical properties, acid and neutral detergent fibres, lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose contents were monitored. Mechanical properties comprising peak force (hardness) and curve areas (adhesiveness) increased rapidly from 1203.0–5816.5 g and 12.4214–29.2612 g, respectively, during the 72 h of storage at ambient conditions. Similarly, all the plant cell wall constituents evaluated increased to …</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="11848">
                <text>Elsevier</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="11849">
                <text>2002</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="11850">
                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=EZuX1N8AAAAJ&amp;amp;cstart=80&amp;amp;citation_for_view=EZuX1N8AAAAJ:_kc_bZDykSQC</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="11851">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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  <item itemId="1923" public="1" featured="0">
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10235">
                  <text>Food Science </text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="11838">
                <text>Application of response surface methodology for studying the influence of soaking, blanching and sodium hexametaphosphate salt concentration on some biochemical and physical characteristics of cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata) during canning</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="11839">
                <text>Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Samuel Errie Yenyi</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="11840">
                <text>Response surface methodology and central composite design for K=3 was used to study the combined effect of blanching time (0–12 min), soaking time (0–24 h) and sodium hexametaphosphate [(NaPO3)6] salt concentration (0–1%) on moisture, ash, leached solids, phytates, tannins and hardness (texture) of cowpeas during canning. Regression models were developed to predict the effects of variables on the studied indices. Blanching, soaking and salt concentration all had significant positive effects on moisture content, ash content, leached solids, phytates, tannins and hardness of the canned cowpeas with significant interaction between all the factors with high regression coefficients (72.0–91.4%). The use of blanching and soaking prior to canning led to increasing moisture content and leached solids while significant decreases were observed for phytates, tannins and hardness of the canned cowpeas …</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="11841">
                <text>Elsevier</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="11842">
                <text>2006</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="11843">
                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=EZuX1N8AAAAJ&amp;amp;cstart=80&amp;amp;citation_for_view=EZuX1N8AAAAJ:M3ejUd6NZC8C</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="11844">
                <text>English</text>
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