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                <text>Is there discrimination against the agricultural sector in the credit rationing behavior of commercial banks in Ghana?</text>
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                <text>Purpose&#13;
The purpose of this paper is to examine if credit rationing persists even in the era of financial liberalization, the extent to which individual, firm and loan characteristics influence the rationing behavior of commercial banks and whether the agricultural sector is discriminated against in the commercial bank credit market.&#13;
Design/methodology/approach&#13;
The study employed a probit model with marginal effects and a generalized Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition estimation on a randomly selected data of 1,239 entrepreneurs from eight commercial banks’ credit records about their individual, firm and loan characteristics.&#13;
Findings&#13;
The study revealed that credit rationing persists and that applying for a relatively longer payment period, providing collateral and guarantor, being illiterate, being relatively older and being in the agricultural sector increases the likelihood of being credit rationed, while having some relationship …</text>
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                <text>Microeconomic determinants of privates of private inward remittances to households in Ghana: a case study</text>
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                <text>This paper examined the microeconomic determinants of inward remittances of migrants to their respective households at home. It looked at the likelihood that a migrant will remit home with regards to the household size, the monthly income of the household, the sex of the migrant, whether the migrant has an immediate family at home, obligation, among other things. Questionnaires were administered to recipients of such remittances. A total of 61 responses were used to determine the likelihood. Logit estimation was then run and the results showed that insurance and exchange were theories explaining the motive to remit. It also found the household size and the number of years of stay of the migrant in the host country to be significant in explaining the likelihood to remit. The conclusion drawn from this paper is that it is important to look at determinants to remit by looking at the actual situation of the country understudy with regards to its social, cultural and traditional settings as well as their economic situations since these factors determine the propensity to travel abroad and hence determining the motive to remit. Nonetheless these findings would serve as a basis and a guide for studying and improving in the alleviation of poverty as well as the development impact of remittances on the countries concerned. It will also serve as literature and a guide for future study.</text>
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                <text>The study examined the extent to which borrower–lender relationships affect the rationing behavior of commercial banks in Ghana. A cross-sectional panel data comprising 14 commercial banks were used for the study. Using the classical linear regression model our results showed that borrowers who have long-term relationships with the banks received more credit at reduced interest rates. It was also observed that years of experience in business, gender, age, sector of business, value of assets, profits and loan maturity period were the significant factors influencing the rationing behavior of the commercial banks. The overall results are quiet revealing, and points to the fact that the long-term borrower–lender relationships lead to some level of trust and confidence between the borrower and the lender that comes with its accrued benefits.</text>
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                <text>The real wealth of every nation is its people and this is the belief of the United Nations, with its</text>
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                <text>Determinants of credit rationing to the private sector in Ghana: A case study of some commercial banks in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana</text>
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                <text>This study was designed to investigate the rationing behavior of some commercial banks in the Greater Accra region, by looking at the impact of some variables on the amount of loan realized even in the era of interest rate liberalization. A single equation model involving the amount of loan realized as the dependant variable, and interest rate, the value of assets, the value of collateral security, net profits, experience in business, sex, age and purpose as the exogenous variables. The explanatory variables were jointly significant in explaining the dependant variable. The results imply that even though interest rate may be liberalized" 0 that the banks could determine their own interest rates that will make them allocate credit to the private sector. they will still ration out credit instead since other determinants such as those analyzed in this research are of much importance in determining credit allocation due to the …</text>
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                <text>This design-based research (DBR) investigates the redesign of a 13-month interdisciplinary teacher preparation program to co-prepare secondary and special education teacher candidates to plan and implement evidencebased practices to meet content and literacy needs of all learners within secondary classrooms. The Theory of Change explores mechanisms for change under the umbrella of Universal Design for Learning (UDL). The UDL framework can support teacher candidates in meeting the needs of students with exceptionalities in the general education classroom, yet few studies have explored the in-depth application of UDL in authentic settings across preparation program duration. DBR methods organize study design, iterative data collection, and retrospective analysis of artifacts including candidates' edTPA portfolios and action research papers. Findings revealed strengths and challenges in candidates’(n= 14) application of components. Results for specific components and various disciplines are discussed. Implications for collaborative preparation of general and special education candidates are identified.</text>
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                <text>Effects of share pricing on firms’ performance in Ghana</text>
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                <text>Frank Gyimah Sackey, Akotey Joseph Oscar</text>
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                <text>This study is designed to examine the effects of share pricing on firm’s performance. Net profit earnings of the firm&#13;
was used as the dependent variable for the study whilst the independent variables constituted some characteristic&#13;
indicators that can affect the firm’s performance such as earnings per share, return on equity, return on assets, return&#13;
on investments and overheads. Five listed companies namely; the Ghana Commercial Bank, Enterprise Insurance,&#13;
Mechanical Lloyd, Aluworks Ghana Limited and Standard Chartered Bank were used for the study. A random&#13;
model was used to test for the effects of the various variables on firm’s performance using a panel data. The results&#13;
show that earning per share was significant and positive in explaining firm’s performance whilst return on&#13;
investment and overheads were significant but negative in explaining firm’s performance. Return on assets and&#13;
return on equity were however, insignificant in explaining firm’s performance. it is therefore recommended that&#13;
firms trade on the stock exchange to attract more shareholders through their share pricing as this will enable them to&#13;
increase their capital gain as well as the public patronizing not only in their shares but also being part of them and&#13;
hence patronizing their products since they will have a stake in it.&#13;
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                <text>Determinants of commercial banks profitability in Ghana:panel evidence from 1999-2008</text>
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                <text>Frank Gyimah Sackey, Anthony A Ahiawodzi</text>
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                <text>The Development Universal Consortia</text>
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                <text>Micro, Small and Medium firms’ credit access remains a dilemma though the financial sector has been liberalized. This paper investigates the factors influencing credit rationing and how variations in the characteristics of firms owned by different genders contribute to credit rationing. The study utilizes probit estimation with marginal effects, Fairlie counterfactual and decomposition analysis to analyze both credit rationing and the extent to which the credit rationing gap is influenced by differences in gender endowments and discrimination using 1,430 firms’ owners’ loan applications randomly selected from eight (8) commercial banks. Our results show that borrowers having more years of experience, external market access, proximity to lender, being older and being male are not likely to experience credit rationing. Borrowers in the agricultural sector, with long term loans, who lack formal education, run labor-intensive …</text>
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                <text>Investigating the impact of institutional quality under the petroleum price deregulation policy regime on the economic growth of Ghana</text>
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                <text>Frank Gyimah Sackey, Emmanuel Orkoh, Mohammed Musah</text>
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                <text>The importance of institutional quality as a means of influencing economic growth is being given much attention. This paper examines the extent to which institutional quality under the price deregulation policy in Ghana impacts GDP growth. The study employs the Bayesian linear regression and the auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) models in estimating a quarterly data that spans from the first quarter of 2005 to the fourth quarter of 2022. We observe that an increase in petroleum prices increases GDP growth by 0.3 units in the long run while an increase in inflation reduces GDP growth by 0.6 units in the short run. Again, we observe that in the short run an increase in foreign direct investment increases GDP growth by 3.24 units. The interactions of petroleum prices and institutional quality on the other hand reduces GDP growth in the short run by 0.91 but tend to increase GDP growth by 1.45 which is …</text>
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