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                  <text>Food Science </text>
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                <text>Effect of roasting on flavonoids, phenolics, and antioxidant activity of industrial-pulped and fermented cocoa beans</text>
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                <text>Bernard Kwabena Asiedu, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Crossby Osei Tutu, Rexford Obeng, Nii Korley Kortei, Papa Toah Akonor, Agnes Simpson Budu, Firibu Kwesi Saalia</text>
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                <text>The extent to which roasting of depulped cocoa beans at varied roasting intensities influences the total polyphenolic content, total flavonoid content, and DPPH scavenging capacity of cocoa liquor remains underexplored. This study investigated the effect of mechanical depulping and roasting intensities on these parameters in Ghanaian cocoa beans. A 3 × 3 full factorial design was employed, with depulping levels (0%, 50%, and 100%) and roasting conditions (110°C for 60 min, 120°C for 30 min, and 135°C for 10 min) as the principal factors. Cocoa beans were depulped mechanically, fermented for six days, dried at 55°C to a moisture content of 7-8%, roasted, deshelled, and milled into cocoa liquor. The results showed that roasting intensity and mechanical depulping significantly influenced the studied parameters. Cocoa liquor obtained from mechanically depulped beans exhibited a higher total polyphenol …</text>
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                <text>Elsevier</text>
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                <text>2025</text>
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                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=EZuX1N8AAAAJ&amp;amp;cstart=100&amp;amp;pagesize=100&amp;amp;citation_for_view=EZuX1N8AAAAJ:DoBzxrgsGIIC</text>
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                  <text>Food Science </text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>The Relationship between Starch Microstructure</text>
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                <text>SK Sefa-Dedeh, EO Afoakwa</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The trifoliate yam, Dioscorea dumetorum tuber is the most nutritious among the yam species consumed. Its consumption is however constrained by a rapid post-harvest hardening phenomenon that occurs after 24 hours of harvest, rendering them unsuitable for human consumption.</text>
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                <text>2002</text>
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                  <text>Food Science </text>
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                <text>Application of response surface influence of soaking, blanching a salt concentration on some methodology for studying the rid sodium hexametaphosphate biochemical and physical …</text>
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                <text>Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Samuel Errie Yenyi</text>
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                <text>Response surface methodology and central composite design for K = 3 was used to study the combined effect of blanching time (0-12 min), soaking time (0-24 h) and sodium hexametaphosphate [(NaPO3)(6)] salt concentration (0-1%) on moisture, ash, leached solids, phytates, tannins and hardness (texture) of cowpeas during canning. Regression models were developed to predict the effects of variables on the studied indices. Blanching, soaking and salt concentration all had significant positive effects on moisture content, ash content. leached solids, phytates, tannins and hardness of the canned cowpeas with significant interaction between all the factors with high regression coefficients (72.0-91.4%). The use of blanching and soaking prior to canning led to increasing moisture content and leached solids while significant decreases were observed for phytates, tannins and hardness of the canned cowpeas …</text>
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                <text>ELSEVIER SCI LTD</text>
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                <text>2006</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=EZuX1N8AAAAJ&amp;amp;cstart=100&amp;amp;pagesize=100&amp;amp;citation_for_view=EZuX1N8AAAAJ:KxtntwgDAa4C</text>
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                  <text>Food Science </text>
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                <text>Canning Technology–Recent Advances Through Optimization and Modelling Techniques</text>
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                <text>&#13;
EO Afoakwa</text>
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                <text>Nova Science Publishers, Inc</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2008</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=EZuX1N8AAAAJ&amp;amp;cstart=100&amp;amp;pagesize=100&amp;amp;citation_for_view=EZuX1N8AAAAJ:N5XbD978G_MC</text>
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                <text>English</text>
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  <item itemId="2049" public="1" featured="0">
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                <text>African Network for School Feeding Programmes–The Issues, Developments, Challenges and Strategies</text>
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                <text>EMMANUEL OHENE AFOAKWA, Linley Chiwona-Karltun</text>
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                <text>&#13;
Eva Rabinowics, SLI, admitted that we do share food to some extent today through food aid, but that is no long term solution. Climate change will lead to crop failure and shortages. The present price spike on food is due to low global stocks. We need to develop systems for both aid and storage capacity. Global sharing of food and/or improved storage capacity would lower the future risk for price spikes. She also suggested that Sida funds should be used for infrastructure development (e.g. for storage). Gity Behravan, Sida, commented that African Union and NEPAD had identi fied the need for infrastructure development and are looking for partners in that process. Sida is one of them. Erik Karltun, SLU, brought three questions into the discussion: How much research will focus on diseases? How resilient are soils? What implications on future research does the need for adaptation to drought have? Anders …</text>
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                <text>2008</text>
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                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=EZuX1N8AAAAJ&amp;amp;cstart=100&amp;amp;pagesize=100&amp;amp;citation_for_view=EZuX1N8AAAAJ:vPKCt-r_nWsC</text>
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                <text>English</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Effects of polymeric coating and anti-fungal treatment on the shrinkage characteristics of pineapple fruits during storage</text>
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                <text>George Sodah Ayernor, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Paa Kow Bartels, Agnes Simpson Budu</text>
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                <text>The combined effects of polymeric coatings and anti-fungal treatment on the shrinkage characteristics of pineapple fruits during postharvest storage were evaluated. A 2×2×10 factorial experiment was performed with polymeric coatings (0 and 5%), anti-fungal treatment (0 and 0.01%), and storage time (0–10 days) as the factors. The shrinkage evolution, shell color break, and crown withering index were evaluated using standard analytical methods. Regression models were developed to predict the variables and their effects on the studied indices. The results showed that the polymeric coating, anti-fungal treatment, and storage time significantly (p &lt; 0.05) influenced the shrinkage evolution, shell color break, and crown withering index of the fruits and very high regression coefficients (87.2–99.3%) were noted among the indices. The 5% polymeric coating with fungicide at 0.01% significantly arrested the shrinkage …</text>
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                <text>Taylor &amp; Francis Group</text>
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                <text>2010</text>
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                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=EZuX1N8AAAAJ&amp;amp;cstart=100&amp;amp;pagesize=100&amp;amp;citation_for_view=EZuX1N8AAAAJ:wbdj-CoPYUoC</text>
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                <text>Effect of Polymeric Coating on the Post-Harvest Quality Characteristics of Pineapple cv.‘Smooth Cayenne’Fruits</text>
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                <text>George Sodah Ayernor, E Ohene Afoakwa, Paa Kow Bartels, Agnes Simpson Budu</text>
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                <text>Investigations were conducted to determine the effect of polymeric coating on the post-harvest quality characteristics of pineapple (Ananas comosus) cv.‘Smooth Cayenne’fruits. A 4× 2× 4 factorial experimental design with polymeric coating concentration (0, 5, 7.5 and 10%), storage temperature (8 and 28 C) and storage period (0, 4, 7 and 10 days) was performed. Vitamin C, total sugars, titratable acidity, astringency index, pH, translucency and fruit texture were determined using standard analytical methods. Storage significantly (P 0.05) decreased vitamin C and total sugar content with a concomitant increase in acidity, astringency, translucency and fruit texture. Low temperature storage however minimized the effect of the observed differences. Polymeric coating influenced the physical and chemical qualities of the fruits with 5 and 7.5% polymeric coatings being the most effective preservative levels. Polymeric coating can therefore be applied to pineapple cv.‘Smooth Cayenne’fruits prior to storage to effectively prolong the chemical and physical quality characteristics of the fruits.</text>
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                <text>2011</text>
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                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=EZuX1N8AAAAJ&amp;amp;cstart=100&amp;amp;pagesize=100&amp;amp;citation_for_view=EZuX1N8AAAAJ:Vch7EZszQGgC</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Food Science </text>
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                <text>&#13;
Tempering, polymorphism and fat crystallization during industrial chocolate manufacture: regimes, behaviours and their effects on finished chocolate quality</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>EO Afoakwa, A Paterson</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="12601">
                <text>Tempering, a technique of shearing chocolate mass at controlled temperatures is used to promote cocoa butter crystallization in a thermodynamically stable polymorphic form. During chocolate manufacture, the process is used to obtain the stable form V (or β2) of cocoa butter having a melting temperature of 32-34 °C, which gives the desired glossy appearance, good snap, contraction and enhanced shelf life characteristics. However, the tempering sequences, their behaviour during pre-crystallization, the consequential regimes attained and their effects on product quality characteristics are not very well understood. Variations in temper regimes attained during pre-crystallization of chocolates influence their crystallinity, polymorphic status and other physical quality characteristics. Over-tempering causes increases in product hardness, stickiness with reduced gloss and darkening of product surfaces. Under …</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="12602">
                <text>Materials Science</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="12603">
                <text>2011</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="12604">
                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=EZuX1N8AAAAJ&amp;amp;cstart=100&amp;amp;pagesize=100&amp;amp;citation_for_view=EZuX1N8AAAAJ:AeM5kdmBKVwC</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="12605">
                <text>English</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="10235">
                  <text>Food Science </text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="12593">
                <text>Changes in nib acidification, flavour precursors development and free fatty acid concentration during drying of pulp preconditioned and fermented cocoa (Theobroma cacao) beans</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="12594">
                <text>Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Evans Akomanyi, Jemmy Takrama, Agnes Simpson Budu, Firibu Kwesi Saalia</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="12595">
                <text>Pod storage and fermentation are critical to the development of nib acidification and flavour precursors that generate into distinctive chocolate flavour notes during industrial manufacture. This work investigated changes in nib acidification, flavour precursors development (FPD) and free fatty acids (FFA) concentrations during drying of pulp preconditioned and fermented Ghanaian cocoa beans. A 4 x 4 full factorial design with experimental factors as pod storage (0, 7, 14 and 21 days) and drying times (0, 2, 4 and 6 days) were used. pH, non-volatile (titratable) acidity, total sugars, protein nitrogen and FFA concentrations were studied using standard methods. The results showed that pod storage and drying influenced the nib acidification, flavour precursors (protein nitrogen and total sugars) and FFA levels in fermented cocoa beans. Increasing pod storage consistently decreased non-volatile acidity, protein nitrogen and total sugars with concomitant increases in pH and FFAs during drying of the fermented beans. Drying had minimal effect on protein nitrogen and total sugars but consistently increased pH and FFA of the fermented beans at all levels of pod storage. Nibs from 10 days pod storage had FFA levels exceeding 1.75% after drying, suggesting that to obtain fermented cocoa beans with acceptable FFA levels, cocoa pods should not be stored for up to 10 days. Pod storage and drying influenced nib acidification, FPD and FFA levels in fermented cocoa beans. However, the rates of change in nib acidification, sugars degeneration, protein degradation and FFA concentrations were largely dependent on pod storage than on drying.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="12596">
                <text>2012</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="12597">
                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=EZuX1N8AAAAJ&amp;amp;cstart=100&amp;amp;pagesize=100&amp;amp;citation_for_view=EZuX1N8AAAAJ:C6rTQemI8T8C</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="12598">
                <text>English</text>
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        <src>https://www.repository.gctu.edu.gh/files/original/74d5b4e7946e21587c7623b701efd99d.pdf</src>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="10235">
                  <text>Food Science </text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="12586">
                <text>Response Surface Methodology for Studying Effects of Pre-Processing Treatments and Processing Time on the Microbial and Sensory Qualities of Cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium …</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="12587">
                <text>EO Afoakwa, PG Boakye, H Mensah-Brown, L Chiwona-Karltun</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Response surface methodology and central composite rotatable design for K= 3 was used to study the combined effects of blanching time, sodium metabisulphite (Na2S2O5) concentration and processing (retorting) time on the total microbial load, and sensory qualities (colour, aroma, texture, overall acceptability) of cocoyam leaves during canning. Regression models and response surface plots were developed from regression analysis to predict the effects of the variables on the studied indices. Significant (P&lt; 0.05) interactions were noted between all the factors with high regression coefficients (61.7%-94.7%). Increasing processing times led to decreases in microbial load and degree of liking for colour of the canned cocoyam leaves. Blanching was effective in reducing browning and increasing the degree of liking for colour of the canned leaves. Treatment of the leaves with sodium metabisulphite solution significantly reduced the microbial load and the degree of likeness of the different sensory attributes of the canned product. The combined action of sodium metabisulphite concentration, blanching time and processing time were effective in reducing the total microbial load as well as the degree of liking for colour of cocoyam leaves during canning of the canned product. These could serve as a means of enhancing the shelf stability as well as the overall acceptability of the product. The most acceptable product was the one blanched for 1 minute, with 0.5% anti-browning agent concentration, and retorted for 20 minutes.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2014</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="12591">
                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=EZuX1N8AAAAJ&amp;amp;cstart=100&amp;amp;pagesize=100&amp;amp;citation_for_view=EZuX1N8AAAAJ:Lpa4s8qvUTIC</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="12592">
                <text>English</text>
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