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                <text>Dark tourism Exploring tourist's experience at the Cape Coast Castle, Ghana</text>
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                <text>Robert Ebo Hinson</text>
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                <text>This paper investigates tourists' experience of the Cape Coast Castle in Ghana. Using a phenomenological research design, we explored the experiences of the tourist who visited the Castle. We used data from the Tripadvisor website and analyzed it thematically. The findings show that dark tourism experience is conceptualized from cognitive and emotional perspectives. Furthermore, the results show that tourists' experiences are shaped and co-constructed with the tourist guards and the artefacts available at the sites. Additionally, our results show tourists who visit dark tourist sites do not experience only anxiety and sorrow but excitement as well. The results also show that tourists who are of African descent see the Cape Coast Castle as a symbol of their identity and these tourists adopt the Castle as part of their personal identity. The implications of the findings are discussed at the end of the paper.</text>
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                <text>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2211973618300503</text>
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                <text>Higher education strategic marketing and brand communications in Africa</text>
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                <text> Robert Ebo Hinson</text>
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                <text>Strategic marketing of higher education encompasses the efforts made by tertiary or higher education institutions to develop a better understanding of the needs of their prospective customers in order to design products and services to meet and exceed these needs. These marketing activities of tertiary institutions should usually be carried out through the execution of purposeful conversations with all the university brand stakeholders, and this is the function of brand marketing communications. Brand marketing communications seeks to integrate multiple consumer contact points that occur through the purchase of commercial messages in paid, earned, and owned media to deliver persuasive and impactful statements about higher education brands. Persuasive brand communications is a critical pillar in the successful marketing efforts of universities worldwide, and this new edited book focuses on marketing and brand communication issues from an African perspective. This chapter introduces the coverage and contents of the book, highlighting the different themes and chapters.</text>
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                <text>https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429320934-18/introduction-emmanuel-mogaji-felix-maringe-robert-ebo-hinson</text>
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                <text>Strategic Marketing of Higher Education in Africa</text>
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                <text>Re-imagining Educational Futures in Developing Countries</text>
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                <text> Robert Ebo Hinson</text>
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                <text>This book explores the challenges and precarity of higher education post-pandemic, explicitly focusing on higher education in emerging countries. Looking beyond the pandemic, the editors and contributors provide a holistic view of the residual legacies of global health crises like COVID-19 in developing countries. The book calls for the need to reimagine, reevaluate and reposition the higher education system: exploring the challenges experienced by students, staff, administrators and other stakeholders. Bringing forth insights from researchers, practitioners and senior leadership, the book shares theoretical and practical insights on dealing with the aftermath of a pandemic and what can be learned for the future. It will be of interest and value to researchers, practitioners and leaders who wish to understand a develop new approaches for their teaching and management post-pandemic.</text>
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                <text>Lessons from Global Health Crises</text>
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                <text>2022</text>
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                <text>https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-88234-1</text>
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                <text>African Universities are making an effort to offer values and enhance the human resources and development of the continent. Also, there are growing demands for higher education places on the continent. This paper offers a theoretical insight into the value delivery systems of the Universities and the factors influencing choice. The chapter is theoretically positioned to recognise the co-creation of value between the University and prospective students. This chapter extends theoretical knowledge on value creation, student choice and marketing of higher education. Implications for managers with regards to the value audit, communication and engagement are also presented.</text>
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                <text>https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-39379-3_2</text>
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                <text>Robert Ebo Hinson</text>
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                <text>The Future of Innovation and Entrepreneurship as Drivers of Livelihoods in Southern Africa: A Synthesis</text>
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                <text>The quality of lives humans will live in the future depends on the rigour of the training experts provide today’s future entrepreneurs to identify societal challenges and innovatively design solutions to address these challenges to create jobs, reduce poverty and contribute to economic development. Though findings from previous scholars show that teaching entrepreneurship from causation logic perspective (which mainly focuses on planning, control, and rational analysis to get to a predefined outcome) does not encourage creativity and innovative thinking and discourages most students from starting a business venture, most institutions and entrepreneurship educators still follow the causation logic. Since entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship education are context-specific and context-informed, we argue that teaching entrepreneurship with a focus on contextual innovation as well as technological innovation will better prepare future entrepreneurs to take up the challenge of creating meaningful ventures to solve societal problems, create jobs, and alleviate poverty. This position coheres with the effectuation logic which suggest that entrepreneurs need to rely on combinatorial resources that are readily available at hand and co-create opportunities rather than predefining goals in highly uncertain environments. As entrepreneurship is an inexorably complex process that lacks linearity, entrepreneurship education should target the entrepreneurial and venture founding processes that entrepreneurs go through to create successful ventures, which follow the effectuation logic rather than teaching about the various aspects of the business.&#13;
&#13;
Thus, utilising design thinking and a methodical approach, that focuses on the entrepreneurial process, highlighting the role of innovative skills and creative mindsets will enable entrepreneurship educators to be student-centred and produce entrepreneurs that are prepared for the future rather than merely educating students “about” the various aspect of a business such as marketing, human resources and accounting. We build on this argument by showcasing exemplars of how innovation exploits and technological affordances are being exploited to demonstrate how the application of entrepreneurship education is materialising in ways that generate value creating and value enhancing ventures at the bottom of the pyramid in resource constrained emerging economies in Southern Africa.</text>
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                <text>Palgrave Studies in Technology and Innovation in Africa </text>
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                <text>2024</text>
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                <text>https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-55935-8_8</text>
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                <text>Strategic Marketing of Higher Education in Africa</text>
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                <text>Strategic marketing of higher education encompasses the efforts made by tertiary&#13;
or higher education institutions to develop a better understanding of the needs of&#13;
their prospective customers in order to design products and services to meet and&#13;
exceed these needs. These marketing activities of tertiary institutions should&#13;
usually be carried out through the execution of purposeful conversations with all&#13;
the university brand stakeholders, and this is the function of brand marketing&#13;
communications (Mogaji, 2016). Brand marketing communications seeks to&#13;
integrate multiple consumer contact points that occur through the purchase&#13;
of commercial messages in paid, earned, and owned media to deliver persuasive and impactful statements about higher education brands. Persuasive brand&#13;
communications is a critical pillar in the successful marketing efforts of universities worldwide, and this new edited book focuses on marketing and&#13;
brand communication issues from an African perspective.&#13;
Africa is the second-largest continent, both in area and population, of the&#13;
seven continents in the world. The continent is vast as is its education system&#13;
designed to meet the educational needs of its citizens; however, there is a dearth&#13;
of insight into this vast education system, especially its higher education institutions despite the fact that higher education is known to support countries’ social,&#13;
economic, and cultural progress (Alcaide-Pulido, Alves, &amp; Gutiérrez-Villar,&#13;
2017). While acknowledging the limited theoretical insight into marketing&#13;
higher education in Africa (Maringe &amp; Foskett, 2002; Ivy, 2008) research&#13;
abounds on higher education in the developed countries, highlighting a gap in&#13;
knowledge that needs to be filled.&#13;
Universities in Africa are continually advancing towards providing better&#13;
quality education (Olaleye, Ukpabi, &amp; Mogaji, 2020). While there is a shortage&#13;
of funds for existing universities, governments are still creating more universities, private institutions are also establishing universities to meet these&#13;
growing demands, and likewise, universities in the developed countries are&#13;
opening international branch campuses in Africa (Chee, Butt, Wilkins, &amp; Ong,&#13;
2016; Maringe, 2009). The changing demographics of prospective students in&#13;
Africa is also changing – they are more demanding, mobile, and tech-savvy and&#13;
take time to search for information (Michael, 2004). These dynamics within&#13;
the sector is necessitating the need for strategic marketing of higher education&#13;
as universities are becoming more business-oriented in the competitive higher&#13;
education market (Ndofirepi, Farinloye, &amp; Mogaji, 2020).&#13;
Marketing of higher education is necessitated based on the need to deliver a&#13;
service to the market to those who can afford it (Mogaji &amp; Yoon, 2019). In&#13;
other words, some prospective students want to acquire tertiary education, and&#13;
likewise, some universities need more students in order to remain commercially&#13;
viable. Universities need to be strategic to portray how different and unique they&#13;
are as this becomes a competitive advantage (Mackelo &amp; Drūteikienė, 2010) and&#13;
building this unique brand image as a university means more significant advantages are possible (Hemsley-Brown &amp; Oplatka, 2006). The African context with&#13;
these marketing dynamics, however, needs to be acknowledged.&#13;
A significant challenge that colleges and universities in Africa face apart from&#13;
the state and standards of the campuses is that they are not deemed to be&#13;
competitive enough for consumers to perceive them as offering better products&#13;
and services than their competitors. Besides, there are external challenges, often&#13;
not in control of the university. There are challenges with the countries in&#13;
terms of safety, security, and opportunities, as well as the macroeconomic&#13;
stability living standards, inflation, and unemployment.&#13;
The challenges of African universities are multifaceted. They face unique&#13;
developmental challenges located in narratives of poverty, postcolonialism,&#13;
coloniality, and more recently, decolonisation (Maringe, 2020). There is a gap&#13;
in knowledge with regards to the marketing of higher education on the continent as the strategies adopted in the developed countries with a developed&#13;
educational sector may not necessarily work in Africa (Mogaji, Farinloye, &amp;&#13;
Aririguzoh, 2017). Even though there are some developed higher education&#13;
systems in Africa, such as in South Africa and Egypt, there is still a gap in&#13;
knowledge about the African higher education market. Thus, there is need for&#13;
better understanding of the higher education market and importantly their&#13;
marketing challenges which informs the marketing communications strategies&#13;
to be adopted.&#13;
This book fills that gap in knowledge. It addresses one of the many sectors&#13;
involved in developing the capacity of universities in Africa. While there are&#13;
challenges with the administration of the universities, funding structure, curriculum, and quality of education (Maringe, 2005; Mogaji, 2019), this book&#13;
focuses on the strategic marketing communications of the universities as they&#13;
engage with various stakeholders and enhances managers’ decision-making&#13;
capacity. This book offers empirical insight into the higher education market&#13;
across the continent. It offers significant theoretical and marketing practice&#13;
implications for academics, higher education administrators, and practitioners&#13;
on how best to reach out to prospective students in the competitive higher&#13;
education market using digital media and creating a brand that stands out.&#13;
Likewise, international practitioners aiming to market to prospective African&#13;
students or wishing to start partnerships with existing African universities will&#13;
2 Emmanuel Mogaji et al.&#13;
also find this relevant in understanding the dynamics of the African higher&#13;
education market. We hope that this book meaningfully advances our&#13;
comprehension of marketing higher education in Africa and that it will&#13;
stimulate further research.</text>
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                <text>Assessing the roles of foreign knowledge acquisition and absorptive capacity in the relationship between market orientation, innovativeness and performance</text>
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                <text>The effects of market orientation (MO) have received much attention from researchers (Ozkaya et al., 2015). Narver and Slater (1990) identified three dimensions of MO: customer orientation (CuO), competitor orientation (CoO) and inter-functional coordination. In particular, studies have shown that good customer knowledge management can create a valuable competitive advantage for firms (Garcia-Murillo and Annabi, 2002). According to the need for firms to manage customer knowledge to drive performance, we therefore focus on the customer and CoOs, both of which focus on the firm’s external information-gathering activities (Narver and Slater, 1990; Ozkaya et al., 2015). However, although gathering and sharing customer knowledge is important, employees must apply this knowledge to effect a transformation in the firm (Ozkaya et al., 2015). Therefore, alongside customer knowledge – i.e. knowledge about, for and from customers – the present study also examines employee absorptive capacity (AC).&#13;
&#13;
Knowledge has been recognized as a vital resource that can be managed to increase a firm’s competitive advantage and innovation and improve its performance. The value of the acquisition and sharing of knowledge on customers and competitors across the functional units of an organization is fundamental to MO theory. MO has been found to affect business performance in varied environments (Kohli et al., 1993; Narver and Slater, 1990). Nonetheless, despite an increased research interest in knowledge management, MO, innovation and performance, their interrelationships are not well understood in the literature (Migdadi et al., 2017).&#13;
&#13;
Recent literature has demonstrated the importance of foreign knowledge acquisition for firm performance (Elhachemi, 2022; Rakthin et al., 2016). These studies suggest that AC can influence the relationship between external knowledge acquisition and a firm’s innovativeness and performance, but they have examined the AC of market knowledge only in relation to foreign partners and not to knowledge of customers and competitors (Elhachemi, 2022). Rakthin et al. (2016) investigated the mediation of customer acquisition and retention in the effects of AC on firm performance but did not consider competitor intelligence in the knowledge acquisition and dissemination process. There is thus inadequate evidence in the literature for understanding the relationship between foreign knowledge acquisition, AC and firm performance.&#13;
&#13;
The present study addresses these gaps in the literature by examining the effect of MO (measured as customer and CoO) on foreign business knowledge (FBK) acquisition and then on firm innovativeness and performance. For this purpose, it determines the effect of MO on firm innovativeness and performance and tests the moderating role of AC in the link between FBK acquisition, firm innovativeness and performance.&#13;
&#13;
To address these objectives, we collected data from enterprises in Ghana that export their products to foreign markets. Knowledge acquisition from foreign markets has benefitted SMEs in a range of developing economies, such as China (Lin et al., 2020), Ghana (Sarsah et al., 2020) and Algeria (Elhachemi, 2022). However, studies on the impact of the acquired knowledge have been inadequate. Similarly, the effect of MO on the performance of Ghanaian firms has been rarely studied. Our study thus contributes to researchers’ and practitioners’ understandings of how MO drives foreign knowledge acquisition by firms and the consequent effects on their performance and innovativeness.&#13;
&#13;
The remainder of the paper provides the theoretical background, hypotheses development, methodology and results of the present study, before providing a discussion including limitations and recommendations for future studies.</text>
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                <text>Emerald Publishing Limited</text>
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                <text>https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/mrr-10-2021-0726/full/html</text>
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                <text>Examining the marketing-corporate social responsibility nexus</text>
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                <text>Robert Ebo Hinson</text>
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                <text>Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how corporate social responsibility is incorporated&#13;
into marketing strategy for a leading telecommunications firm (MTN) in Ghana. The paper examines the&#13;
corporate social responsibility practices of this firm by focussing on various dimensions of stakeholder&#13;
interests, norms and values.&#13;
Design/methodology/approach – A conceptual framework was adopted from the extant literature&#13;
and used as the basis for the single case study analysis. The authors interviewed senior management&#13;
of the company and also analysed corporate social responsibility (CSR) information posted on the&#13;
company’s website.&#13;
Findings – MTN has a strong commitment to social responsibility programmes. A separate&#13;
independent unit, dubbed, “MTN Foundation”, has been established with its own Board of Directors and&#13;
management team to manage CSR-related programmes. However, there seems to be lack of coordination&#13;
of activities of other departments such as marketing and human resources which are of equal interest&#13;
to major stakeholders. Again, in an effort to identify stakeholders’ interests, there appears to be a lack of&#13;
a proactive approach in examining the actual needs of prospective beneficiaries of CSR programmes&#13;
of the company.&#13;
Originality/value – The paper serves as a guide to managers in the planning and implementation&#13;
of social responsibility programmes within the context of developing countries and also adds to the&#13;
relatively parsimonious literature on CSR practices of firms operating in Africa.&#13;
Keywords Corporate, Social responsibility, MTN, Ghana, Marketing</text>
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                <text>2012</text>
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                <text>The relationship between social interactions, trust, business network, external knowledge access and performance: a study of SMEs in Ghana</text>
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                <text>Abstract&#13;
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of social interaction ties, trust and business&#13;
networks in the acquisition of foreign business knowledge and foreign institutional knowledge. It also&#13;
assesses the effect of these types of knowledge on small and medium enterprises’ (SME) export performance.&#13;
Furthermore, this study determines the moderating role of absorptive capacity in the relationship between&#13;
foreign business knowledge, foreign institutional knowledge and export performance.&#13;
Design/methodology/approach – This study used a survey research design using data from&#13;
nontraditional SME exporters in Ghana. There were 257 respondents who were employees (managers/&#13;
owners) of SMEs in Ghana. The model was analyzed using structural equation modeling.&#13;
Findings – Social interaction ties, trust and business networks have a significant effect on the acquisition of&#13;
foreign business knowledge and foreign institutional knowledge. Furthermore, foreign business knowledge&#13;
and foreign institutional knowledge have a significant positive effect on export performance. The path&#13;
between foreign business knowledge and export performance is also moderated by absorptive capacity.&#13;
However, the moderating role of absorptive capacity in the relationship between foreign institutional&#13;
knowledge and export performance is not significant.&#13;
Originality – This study uses social capital to explain how SMEs acquire foreign business knowledge and&#13;
foreign institutional knowledge, and how both affect SMEs’ export performance. Furthermore, it tests the&#13;
moderating role of absorptive capacity in the relationship between foreign business knowledge, foreign&#13;
institutional knowledge and export performance.&#13;
Keywords Social capital, Foreign business knowledge, Foreign institutional knowledge, SMEs,&#13;
Export performance&#13;
Paper type Research paper</text>
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                <text> Emerald Publishing Limited</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="10491">
                <text>https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/vjikms-05-2020-0088/full/pdf</text>
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                  <text>Faculty of IT Business</text>
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                <text>Qualitative Insights into Market Orientation&#13;
in Small Ghanaian Businesses &#13;
</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
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              <elementText elementTextId="10499">
                <text>Robert Ebo Hinson </text>
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                <text>Due to their importance to economic development, small businesses are the subject of multidisciplinary streams of&#13;
business research. This current paper focuses on exploring the market orientation posture of small businesses&#13;
operating in Ghana. Cast in a qualitative research mode, we utilize face to face interviews to gain insights into the&#13;
market orientation opinions and postures of small business operators. Deductive analysis of the interview&#13;
transcripts revealed that small businesses do not have a structured marketing plan. Most of the proprietors&#13;
interviewed do not understand market orientation and do not see its importance to the success of their businesses.&#13;
Their main focus is on the customer and the methods adopted are very informal but seem to have a positive effect&#13;
on market share and customer retention. Following these findings, the paper provides some managerial&#13;
implications, highlights the inherent limitations of the case study, and outlines some avenues for future studies. </text>
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                <text> Canadian Center of Science and Education </text>
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