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                <text>Ghanaian Journal of Animal Science Journal/Ghanaian Journal of Animal Science/Vol. 11 No. 1 (2020)/Articles Open Access</text>
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                <text>The study was conducted to determine the number of rejected eggs, causes and economic implica-tions among three egg-type strains in a commercial poultry farm. A total of eight thousand layers were used for the on-farm study. Total eggs for each strain were determined by recording and counting each day’s production. The defective eggs were sorted out and the totals were recorded. Percentage for the defective eggs were then calculated. Data were taken four times a day at partic-ular time intervals. Strains 1 and 2 were 47 weeks and strain 3 was 82 weeks old at the start of the study. Data collected were analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the aid of Genstat, Fifteenth Edition (2012) and the treatment means were separated using the Tukey’s Stu-dentized Range Test. Strain 2 produced the highest number of eggs (p&lt; 0.05) but recorded the low-est percentage of defective eggs (p&lt; 0.05). Strain 3 produced the lowest number of eggs (p&lt; 0.05) and yet recorded the highest percentage of defective eggs (p&lt; 0.05). The number of eggs collected and the percentage of defective eggs were significantly different (p&lt; 0.0) among the strains. The total economic loss as a result of defective was GH¢ 17, 106.43 with strain 3 recording the highest economic loss (GH¢ 8, 304. 77) followed by strain 1 (GH¢ 6, 022.76) which also recorded a higher economic than strain 2 (GH¢ 2, 778.90). It can be concluded that all other factors being equal, strain and age influence the percentage of defective eggs with the type of strain used either in-creasing or decreasing the number of defective eggs; and with older birds producing more defec-tive eggs …</text>
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                <text>Citizens' expectations for efficiency from public servants have caused governments to evaluate employee performance at the public sector. This study sought to establish how behavioural factors influence the implementation and institutionalisation of performance management systems in the public sector. Scholars of performance managements' attribute the neglect of the behavioural aspect of PM as a major factor to the difficulty of its institutionalisation (Dodoo, 1996; Nkrumah, 1991; Ohemeng, 2009, 2011). The qualitative approach was adopted using in-depth interviews in selected ministries in the public service of Ghana. The study found that a successful institutionalisation of PM in Ghana will require giving prominence to behavioural factors such as perception, work attitudes, management interactions and commitments. We conclude that, successful PM in the Ghanaian civil service, requires a shift from the …</text>
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                <text>While community-based natural resource management appears common in Africa, management innovation (MI) in community-based tourism (CBT) on the continent has received limited attention. This chapter contributes to the innovative management of CBT promoted through recruiting actors that might seem remote ordinarily in tourism governance. We noted complexities in managing CBTs with multi-actors and diverse interests. Using actor network theory (ANT) and MI, we argue that CBT can be managed innovatively by recruiting diverse transnational, national and local actors, institutions, and discourses. It entails a complex and interactive engagement with actors that help in marketing, promoting, and tourism infrastructure development. MI in CBT is analysed within a network perspective of enrolling actors into a tourism system to pursue communal and corporate agenda. And lessons from CBTs in Ghana and South Africa highlight that (un)successful CBT is contingent on effective recruiting and enrolling of actors to promote resilient and inclusive tourism.</text>
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information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar&#13;
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                <text>This book chapter explores the development of entrepreneurial ecosystems in emerging markets, with a specific focus on the Quadruple Helix Model. The Quadruple Helix Model emphasizes collaboration and interaction among four key actors: academia, government, industry, and civil society, to foster innovation and entrepreneurship. The chapter provides an overview of the concept of entrepreneurial ecosystems and their significance in driving economic growth and societal development in emerging markets. The chapter discusses the expected roles and contributions of academia, government, industry, and civil society in building and nurturing entrepreneurial ecosystems. The chapter concludes by highlighting the importance of a holistic and collaborative approach to creating vibrant entrepreneurial ecosystems that support innovation and growth and success of startups and entrepreneurs.</text>
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                <text>The stakeholder engagement and innovation literature has received considerable academic attention. However, the subject of stakeholder legitimacy perceptions which impact the willingness and ability of stakeholders to engage with entrepreneurial ventures have not been fully explored in the entrepreneurship literature. This research fills the knowledge gap by reviewing literature on venture legitimacy, firm innovation, and stakeholders. Accordingly, the study discusses the perception of five stakeholder groups on firm legitimacy and suggests how they impact innovation in developing economies. At the end of the chapter, we highlight the critical issues of legitimacy perceptions, innovation, and stakeholders and point out potential avenues for further research.</text>
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                <text>The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic posed a big obstacle for nations as it affected the anticipated cash flows from the tourism and hospitality industry. Many tourist destinations have suffered as a result of the coronavirus disease 2019 crisis. Tourism and hospitality have been major source of revenue, and nations depend on them to augment their budgetary issues and support the provision of basic public services. Ethical tourism, responsible tourism, social justice, and sustainable tourism promise to be effective tools to execute this reputation agenda, which scholars have ignored. This paper proposes a conceptual framework that shows the effect of sustainability actions and justice on stakeholders in the tourism and hospitality industries, presently and for future generations. An in-depth literature review was employed using papers on sustainability actions. Using Scopus-indexed journals, 88 articles from …</text>
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                <text>Leadership is seen as an imperative stimulus for the effective functioning of employees, be they in the public or private sectors. Humanistic leadership has to do with leadership that the acceptance of humanistic ideals by leaders will result in a shared common spirit, uniting the leaders and their employees which in turn will drive employee performance. Using the Ghana public service as a case, where the performance is considered unacceptable, the study attempts to answer the question: in what ways can leaders utilise the humanistic leadership style to facilitate employees’ performance in the public services in developing countries? We contend that leadership that focuses on respecting people, striving to pursue the common good, and going beyond the “boss-subordinate” model of power and influence, will lead to employees reciprocating which in turn will stimulate employee performance. A desk research …</text>
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                <text>The original aim of PB, in the United States, as well as in other countries that adopted this innovation, was to purge budgeting of its line-item focus on the cost of inputs and to base spending decisions on the work to be performed. It bears remembering that most OECD countries once had highly itemized budgets, with expenditures structured into detailed classifications of personnel, supplies, travel, equipment and other goods and services purchased by governments. In some countries, national budgets were long shopping lists, bereft of explanations of what the items would be used for; in others, the budget had narrative descriptions of government activities, but little explanation of what they were expected to accomplish (5).</text>
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                <text>The movement in Ghana since the early 1990s from an authoritarian environment to a democratic one has seen the rise of civil society groups jostling for space in the policy development process and in governance (Abdulai and Quantson, 2009; Antwi-Boasiako, 2019; Hughes, 2005).</text>
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