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                <text>This book chapter explores the development of entrepreneurial ecosystems in emerging markets, with a specific focus on the Quadruple Helix Model. The Quadruple Helix Model emphasizes collaboration and interaction among four key actors: academia, government, industry, and civil society, to foster innovation and entrepreneurship. The chapter provides an overview of the concept of entrepreneurial ecosystems and their significance in driving economic growth and societal development in emerging markets. The chapter discusses the expected roles and contributions of academia, government, industry, and civil society in building and nurturing entrepreneurial ecosystems. The chapter concludes by highlighting the importance of a holistic and collaborative approach to creating vibrant entrepreneurial ecosystems that support innovation and growth and success of startups and entrepreneurs.</text>
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                <text>The stakeholder engagement and innovation literature has received considerable academic attention. However, the subject of stakeholder legitimacy perceptions which impact the willingness and ability of stakeholders to engage with entrepreneurial ventures have not been fully explored in the entrepreneurship literature. This research fills the knowledge gap by reviewing literature on venture legitimacy, firm innovation, and stakeholders. Accordingly, the study discusses the perception of five stakeholder groups on firm legitimacy and suggests how they impact innovation in developing economies. At the end of the chapter, we highlight the critical issues of legitimacy perceptions, innovation, and stakeholders and point out potential avenues for further research.</text>
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                <text>The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic posed a big obstacle for nations as it affected the anticipated cash flows from the tourism and hospitality industry. Many tourist destinations have suffered as a result of the coronavirus disease 2019 crisis. Tourism and hospitality have been major source of revenue, and nations depend on them to augment their budgetary issues and support the provision of basic public services. Ethical tourism, responsible tourism, social justice, and sustainable tourism promise to be effective tools to execute this reputation agenda, which scholars have ignored. This paper proposes a conceptual framework that shows the effect of sustainability actions and justice on stakeholders in the tourism and hospitality industries, presently and for future generations. An in-depth literature review was employed using papers on sustainability actions. Using Scopus-indexed journals, 88 articles from …</text>
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                <text>Leadership is seen as an imperative stimulus for the effective functioning of employees, be they in the public or private sectors. Humanistic leadership has to do with leadership that the acceptance of humanistic ideals by leaders will result in a shared common spirit, uniting the leaders and their employees which in turn will drive employee performance. Using the Ghana public service as a case, where the performance is considered unacceptable, the study attempts to answer the question: in what ways can leaders utilise the humanistic leadership style to facilitate employees’ performance in the public services in developing countries? We contend that leadership that focuses on respecting people, striving to pursue the common good, and going beyond the “boss-subordinate” model of power and influence, will lead to employees reciprocating which in turn will stimulate employee performance. A desk research …</text>
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                <text>The original aim of PB, in the United States, as well as in other countries that adopted this innovation, was to purge budgeting of its line-item focus on the cost of inputs and to base spending decisions on the work to be performed. It bears remembering that most OECD countries once had highly itemized budgets, with expenditures structured into detailed classifications of personnel, supplies, travel, equipment and other goods and services purchased by governments. In some countries, national budgets were long shopping lists, bereft of explanations of what the items would be used for; in others, the budget had narrative descriptions of government activities, but little explanation of what they were expected to accomplish (5).</text>
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                <text>The Changing Face of Policy Development in a Democratic Developmental State: The Role of Think Tanks and Policy Advocacy in Ghana</text>
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                <text>The movement in Ghana since the early 1990s from an authoritarian environment to a democratic one has seen the rise of civil society groups jostling for space in the policy development process and in governance (Abdulai and Quantson, 2009; Antwi-Boasiako, 2019; Hughes, 2005).</text>
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                <text>Objective–This study extends both Social Exchange Theory and the Job Demands–Resources model by examining the connection between psychological contract breach, job stress and employee engagement in relation to the role inclusive leadership plays.&#13;
Methodology–Using a quantitative approach, data was gathered from two hundred and two (202) respondents, selected using convenience sampling technique. Data gathered was analysed using SPSS version 26 and SmartPLS 4. Findings–Results showed that Job Stress had a negative statistically significant impact on Inclusive Leadership Employee Engagement, Innovative Output and Turnover Intent. Inclusive Leadership Psychological Contract Breach had a positive significant relationship with Innovative Output but a negative relationship with Job Stress. The study also found out that Job Stress mediates the relationship between Inclusive Leadership Psychological Contract Breach and Inclusive Leadership Employee Engagement.&#13;
Novelty–The study contributes to clarifying and extend the social exchange theory (SET) by unravelling how the inclusive leader operates on respect, recognition, responsiveness and responsibility, in the reciprocal relationship between himself and their subordinates. Additionally, the study identifies the relationship between psychological contract breach, job stress and employee engagement in a developing country after the COVID-19 pandemic.</text>
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                <text>Changing the dynamics of human resources management in the public services of Ghana: an organizational learning perspective</text>
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                <text>The quality of human resources is critical to the development of any country. To enhance sustainable development and poverty reduction, governments need human capacities, especially in the public sector, to transform their commitments on these issues into results. In view of this, in 2015, the government of Ghana through the Public Services Commission developed a new human resources management policy for the public sector. The principal idea is that the new policy will lead to the transformation of the Public Service into an ethical, responsive, and citizen-oriented service that will provide, and continue to provide into the future high quality and timely services to Ghanaians. This paper examines the policy with the view of understanding whether it will transform a sector that has suffered considerable neglect since independence from the perspective of organisational learning. Will the new policy lead to fundamental shift in HRM in the public sector? Has it unearthed the fundamental issues underpinning the effective management of human resources in the sector? And has it proposed capable solutions to these issues?</text>
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                <text>GHANA SOCIAL SCIENCE</text>
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                <text>The perception of employees on performance‐based budgeting reforms in developing countries: The perspective from Ghana</text>
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                <text>Kenneth Parku Frank Ohemeng,Emelia A. Asiedu,Theresa Obuobisa-Darko,Juliana A. Abane</text>
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                <text>In the last few decades, the use of performance management to correct state finances has led to the (re)emergence of performance‐based budgeting (PBB), with the belief that it will reveal where scarce resources should be concentrated. The efficacy of PBB, however, continues to be debated. This paper attempts to contribute to the discussion, by examining the case of Ghana from the perspective of budget officers. How do budget officers perceive the PBB? It is argued that while PBB is professed as a useful budgetary mechanism, there are challenges that need to be addressed if it is to achieve its objectives.</text>
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                <text>Occupational health and safety, cost reduction in accident and employee task performance: perspectives of selected service organizations</text>
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                <text>Emelia Amoako Asiedu, Jackson Nuarko Appiagyei, Richard Amfo-Otu, Kenneth Parku, Theresa Obuobisa-Darko</text>
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                <text>Objective&#13;
The right to safe and healthy working environment has dramatically gained a lot of interest at the global, regional, and national levels in recent years. Employers and employees need to recognise that, Occupational Health and Safety involves more than just first aid activities but the complete adherence to policy and best practices&#13;
Methods&#13;
The study assessed the effect of workers awareness of the health and safety policy in the organisation on cost and occupational accidents. Using the convenience sampling technique, a total of 180 employees from both public and private sector organisations responded to questionnaire used in the data collection through google forms and direct contact. Ordinary least-squares (OLS) regression analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26 to analysed the data collected.&#13;
Results&#13;
The study found that workers awareness was statistically significant and positively related to …</text>
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