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                <text>Importance of organizational tacit knowledge: Barriers to knowledge sharing</text>
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                <text>Peter Yao Lartey, Junguo Shi, Rupa Jaladi Santosh, Stephen Owusu Afriyie, Isaac Akolgo Gumah, Mansuur Husein, Fatoumata Binta Maci Bah</text>
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                <text>This chapter incorporates the relevance of tacit knowledge and highlights some major barriers to knowledge sharing. Knowledge transfer is action through which; information, skills, expertise and experience is exchanged among people in an organization and it is a valuable and tangible asset for creating sustainability, performance and competitive advantage. From what is currently known, knowledge sharing activities occur generally with the support of knowledge systems designed by the board and knowledge managers. It is suggested that technology is one of the tools that support knowledge sharing, though other factors exist, such as organizational culture, trust, leadership and management philosophy, incentives and internal control systems. In this study, the researchers explore possible knowledge sharing opportunities and associated barriers, starting from top management to employees. The main purpose of this chapter is to look at how tacit knowledge affects organizational success. The chapter also covers ways to promote knowledge transfer in order to improve organizational performance and innovation. The discussion elaborated on the significance of tacit knowledge in a way that previous literature does not. It is emphasized that, from a resource-based view, businesses gain competitive advantage when they value and retain their existing tacit knowledge, as explicit knowledge is already known to everyone. According to the study, important variables such as corporate culture, individual employees, technology, and organizational internal factors are potential hurdles that must be examined to minimize the impact on organizational …</text>
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                <text>Application of BCG as a strategic planning tool to assess the sustainability and growth of university programs in a competitive market</text>
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                <text>Stephen Owusu Afriyie, Yusheng Kong, Michael Owusu Akomeah, Kingsley Appiah, Patrick Obeng Danso</text>
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                <text>With regards to the competitive environment for consumer demand, it is imperative for organizations to utilize reputed models for tactical resource allocation to different strategic business units and products. The work describes and explains the BCG portfolio matrix model to assess five Ghanaian university programs. Effective implementation of the BCG model helps the institution of higher education to achieve the finest status from the viewpoint of competitive positions in the market. The model helps institutions choose which markets and business units to finance on the basis of two features-competitiveness and market attractiveness; with the fundamental drivers for these factors being market share and growth rate respectively. Therefore, for the survival and growth of the product, the firm needs to adopt some effective and operative strategies, and also invests in areas like research and development which will enhance new ideas. Of course, the technological and innovative aspects should also not be disregarded. These strategies will enhance an innovative brand in the existing market which will help the product gain a competitive advantage. This paper attempts to analyse the business model, BCG and how it can seek to promote sustainability and growth of the university programs in a competitive market.</text>
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                <text>Verifying the impact of corporate governance on hospital performance on HIV and malaria control: A structural equation modelling approach</text>
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                <text>Stephen Owusu Afriyie, Yusheng Kong, Benjamin Chris Ampimah, Collins Danso Akuamoah, Leslie Nii Otu Vanderpuije, Zhao Xinlei</text>
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                <text>Background&#13;
The research aims to study the impact of corporate governance on hospital performance regarding HIV and malaria control, using the Ghana health industry as a case. The nation is making frantic effort to control HIV and malaria, since they continue to be among the deadliest diseases that attract holistic attention; hence, there is the need to put structures in place to curb the spread.&#13;
Methods&#13;
A total of 1005 precoded questionnaires were administered to 125 hospitals, for responses from staff, managers, board, and chief executive officers (CEOs). The collated data were analysed using structural equation modelling approach.&#13;
Results&#13;
Our research revealed that corporate governance has a positive effect on hospital performance, regarding the control of the two deadly diseases (HIV and malaria). The interventions in Ghana health delivery have brought a level of improvement in malaria control, since the …</text>
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                <text>Credit risk management system of commercial banks: an analysis of the process</text>
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                <text>Stephen Owusu Afriyie, Kong Yusheng, Li Kaodui, Ayamba Emmanuel Caesar, M Owusu-Akomeah</text>
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                <text>Credit risk is the risk that a financial institution will incur losses because the financial position of a borrower has deteriorated to the point that the value of an asset (including off-balance-sheet assets) is reduced or extinguished. The purpose of this work is to expatiate strategies to mitigate challenges resulting from unpaid loans, which could be used further in understanding the components of credit risk management (CRM) system of commercial banks (CBs) in a less developed economy. This was accomplished through the use of both primary (interviews) and secondary (various relevant documents) information from CBs and key management officials dealing with credit management. The investigation proved that credit risk can be managed and minimized when formidable strategic approaches are implemented and adhered to. This implies that the strategy operated by a bank is an important consideration for a CRM system to be successful. Ghana, a less developed economy, provides an excellent case for studying how CBs operating in economies with less developed financial sector manage their credit risk.</text>
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                <text>Do corporate governance mechanisms and internal control systems matter in reducing mortality rates?</text>
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                <text>Stephen Owusu Afriyie, Yusheng Kong, Patrick Obeng Danso, Abdul‐Aziz Ibn Musah, Michael Owusu Akomeah</text>
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                <text>Internal controls are critical to guarding an institution against fraud, error, and devastation. They are effective tools for preventing losses and achieving organizational goals. However, internal control mechanisms need to be relevant, because the organization cannot comprehend the effectiveness of the system if they are out‐of‐touch with the operation. Health care control practices are not exceptionally different from what pertains in other industries. The health care organizations require effective corporate governance mechanisms to uphold their operations and performances. These practices assist health care organizations to exhume cynical practices that generate unproductive results and also factors militating against the hospital's goals or objectives. This study revealed that practices such as enhanced Board diligence, Health Professionals on board, financial prudence, and effective communication have the …</text>
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                <text>Total quality management (TQM) has become a reliable quality and customer satisfaction approach that can meet or exceed customer satisfaction. Previous studies have not really tied total quality management in the aspects of SERVQUAL as the major influence on customer satisfaction in the Ghanaian telecommunication sector, thus the need for this research. As customer satisfaction continues to rise, telecommunication customers expect service quality to improve to meet their satisfaction. The quality of service determines the customer satisfaction level in a service industry, such as telecom. Effective total quality management would result in better service quality. SERVQUAL is arguably the model to assess the effectiveness of customer satisfaction in the service industry. The aim of this study is to assess the influence of total quality management on customer satisfaction in the telecom industry from a TQM–SERVQUAL perspective. The study relied on questionnaires to gather data about the TQM services on customer satisfaction. A self-completion questionnaire was administered to customers and employees of MTN Ghana and Vodafone Ghana. Both companies operate with the same procedures and equipment, hence the need to use the same apparatus for all contacted customers and employees. There were 800 respondents from both companies’ employees and customers, although 850 questionnaires were administered. Descriptive statistical analysis was used through the questionnaire. The investigators also ran preliminary tests such as reliability, validity, and multicollinearity tests to ascertain if the received data were reasonable enough …</text>
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Financial performance of hospitals: A critical obligation of corporate governance dimensions</text>
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                <text>Background&#13;
This paper aims to investigate the effects of corporate governance mechanisms on the financial performance of hospitals. The statement, “good corporate governance” has been incorporated in the health care sector over the last decade, as an element to improve financial performance.&#13;
Methods&#13;
The researchers relied on both primary and secondary data in the study. For the primary data, the authors used structured and nonstructured questionnaires to obtain data from 125 hospitals. The secondary data used emanated from board meetings, financial statements and relevant reports of the selected hospitals from 2010 to 2017. However, the data was then sorted out to get the required information on Chief Executive Officer (CEO) presence, board relationship, governance dynamics, gender diversity and financial performance.&#13;
Results&#13;
On the basis of empirical evidence provided in this study, the results …</text>
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                <text>Knowledge management issues in India: A public sector perspective</text>
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                <text>This study presents a new body of empirical evidence supporting knowledge management initiatives from the public sector, in the context of India. The Study examines the impact of KM on public administration. The findings represent the opinions of public servants representing 450 valid responses in a survey conducted at Bangalore. Smart-PLS and Amos statistical tools were employed to estimate a partial least square based on the SEM technique. The results suggest that organizational learning, knowledge sharing, innovation, social identification, and technology infrastructure are strong determinants of KM initiatives and could enhance individual and organizational performance. By extension, the study highlights the relevance of KM in management sciences, human resource, strategic management, leadership, organizational culture, and behavior. Nonetheless, the study variables satisfactorily explained KM at a …</text>
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                <text>Economic development and environmental sustainability—the case of foreign direct investment effect on environmental pollution in China</text>
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                <text>Chen Haibo, Emmanuel Caesar Ayamba, Andrew Osei Agyemang, Stephen Owusu Afriyie, Aganda Oswin Anaba</text>
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                <text>This research reviews and analyses the environmental catastrophes in China with regard to its adherence of global environmental policies and practices. The research makes available evidence of the present policy regime and institutions, strategies for curbing emission, environmental legislations and regulations and measures to provide a sustainable environment for the present and future generations. This paper reviewed how the environment is affected by the emissions. The findings revealed that China adheres to global policies and practices. China also receives local and international support in terms of assistance in dealing with environmental challenges. It was also revealed that carbon dioxide was not included in the list of pollutants to be taxed by the environmental protection tax law. Furthermore, the government needs to be strict at the local and district levels in enforcing the law to ensure …</text>
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                <text>On the Gradient-Hamiltonian Systems to the Derivation of Economic Multivariate Total Functions</text>
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                <text>John Awuah Addor, Kwadwo Ankomah, Emmanuel Benson</text>
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                <text>This paper highlights an application of Gradient or Hamiltonian (Grad-Ham) Systems in deriving multivariate total functions. The objective is to establish a relationship between Gradient or Hamiltonian systems and economic-oriented multivariate marginal functions, and demonstrate how they can significantly be applied to the derivation of economic multivariate total functions. The multivariate marginal functions are represented by the Grad-Ham systems of differential equations whose analytical solutions are based on the partial antiderivative technique. The paper establishes that all economic multivariate marginal functions can respectively be expressed as exact differential equations. It also uncovered that functions that can be optimized are conservative along their optimal paths and that these functions become the first integrals of their respective marginal systems. Finally, it introduces two model examples-one hypothetical and the other based on the Cobb-Douglas Production function-and presents their derivations thereof.</text>
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