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                <text>This book was inspired by the many conversations we had with Dr. Nuray&#13;
Buyucek during her doctoral research at Social Marketing @ Griffith. Nuray,&#13;
following the completion of her PhD, embarked on a career in government,&#13;
and her work commitments did not allow her to continue working with us&#13;
to bring her concept for this book to reality. We would like to acknowledge&#13;
Nuray’s contribution in the process of converting our conversations into a book&#13;
proposal. Further, we would like to thank staff at Routledge for creating the&#13;
opportunity for us to deliver this book. Your enthusiasm for our idea and&#13;
support from the first conversation over a year ago made our work much easier.&#13;
We also want to acknowledge the work of the reviewers who each patiently&#13;
provided their constructive feedback on every chapter – it is possible to deliver&#13;
books like this one only because of our supportive colleagues who are always&#13;
willing to give us a few hours of their time so that we and all contributing&#13;
authors can benefit from your expertise and experience. Finally, this book&#13;
would not be possible without hard work and dedication of all contributing&#13;
authors, who willingly shared their knowledge of stakeholder involvement in&#13;
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                <text>Employee stress has been explored extensively. However, there remain a dearth of scholarship on how leadership, specifically authentic leadership, helps to reduce employee stress levels in crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, in emerging economies, and to ensure employee wellness and performance using the social exchange theory. Using exploratory qualitative design and thematic analysis, data from 32 interviews with public sector employees in Ghana were analysed. Findings demonstrate that authentic leaders exhibit such characteristics as honesty, accountability, self-regulation, relational transparency, objective analysis of information, and valuing followers' contributions to arrive at decisions. These characteristics relate positively to employee job performance, wellness, and stress management.</text>
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                <text>Globalisation has affected the work environment, leading to an increase in the workforce. Workforce diversity describes ways employees differ by way of values, beliefs, experiences, backgrounds, preferences, and behaviours. While organisational success depends on effective management of its workforce by leaders, the adoption of appropriate leadership style, like inclusive leadership, has become one of the strategic mechanisms to manage the diverse workforce in the 21st century organisation. Inclusive leadership, a relational leadership style, tends to be open, accessible, available, self-aware, committed, collaborative and culturally intelligent. Premised on social exchange theory, these unique characteristics make the diverse subordinates of inclusive leaders feel valued and reciprocate by being dedicated, absorbed, and working with vigour. The chapter advocates for inclusive leadership style as the preferred …</text>
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                <text>The United States has had a long association with labor unions. Among the pioneers was the National Association of Letter Carriers, which lobbied Congress to pass an 8-h workday in 1888. Unions were also responsible for passing important legislation such as the Lloyd-La Follette Act (1912), the Retirement Act (1920), and the Classification Act (1923), which supported employee rights. These and other laws demonstrate the importance of labor unions in personnel management. Overall, unions are tasked with negotiating for better wages and benefits. In addition, unions work toward the elimination of arbitrariness in employer actions. Although organizing has benefits to employees, there are also consequences for unionization. Primarily, unions tend to drive up organizational costs and frequently cause disruptions, especially if they resort to work stoppage and strikes. Strikes have had the tendency to lower public …</text>
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                <text>Existing literature demonstrates that inclusive leadership significantly promotes employee work engagement. Nevertheless, research on addressing the connection between inclusive leadership and employee work engagement through the lens of green empowerment in contemporary emerging markets is scarce. The present study draws on the leader-member exchange theory to investigate how inclusive leadership influence employees’ green empowerment and work engagement. Using a survey instrument, a quantitative methodology was applied to gather data from 500 public sector employees in Ghana. The hypothesised relationships were analysed using the partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) technique. It was revealed that inclusive leadership directly and positively impacts employee work engagement. Also, green empowerment and participation also positively affect employee …</text>
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                <text>The integration of new digital technologies amid a rising population in many emerging economies imposes incessant pressure on their energy systems. It has become crucial to draw result implications for future energy sustainability by exploring all relevant issues, particularly in light of how Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) influence electricity demand. Using the West African region as the subject of analysis, this study provides insights into the implied connection, taking into account the region’s disparate cultural and linguistic patterns. The study is complemented by a result-based analysis of the socioeconomic and policy implications. The outcomes, derived from the application of a dynamic panel data model to a dataset spanning 1990-2021, show that ICT adoption has significant implications on electricity consumption, with notable positive impact observed in the long run. Interestingly, this effect is largely driven by French-speaking countries in the region. Beyond this statistical revelation, this study underscores the need for a balanced approach to address the ICT-electricity demand interplay. An important conclusion emerges: Embracing digitalization while ensuring energy security and sustainability can unlock economic growth, promote social inclusion, and foster a sustainable future for West Africa.</text>
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                <text>This study was designed to investigate the rationing behavior of some commercial banks in the Greater Accra region, by looking at the impact of some variables on the amount of loan realized even in the era of interest rate liberalization. A single equation model involving the amount of loan realized as the dependant variable, and interest rate, the value of assets, the value of collateral security, net profits, experience in business, sex, age and purpose as the exogenous variables. The explanatory variables were jointly significant in explaining the dependant variable. The results imply that even though interest rate may be liberalized" 0 that the banks could determine their own interest rates that will make them allocate credit to the private sector. they will still ration out credit instead since other determinants such as those analyzed in this research are of much importance in determining credit allocation due to the …</text>
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