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                <text>Effects of Delays on Project Quality within the Construction Industry in Ghana &#13;
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                <text>Adwoa Sefa-Boakye</text>
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                <text>Delays in construction projects have been identified as a major challenge that affects many projects; Geraldine John Kikwasi (2012). The quality of work done is criticized due to these delays. The delays are caused by many factors which are basically project management related challenges coupled with other external factors Albert P. C. Chan et al (2004). Construction project delay is also seen as a worldwide problem in project delivery and Ghana has received its share. Numerous efforts by researchers and construction project management professionals to confront this problem have not yielded satisfactory results. Delays have a great and undesirable impact in terms of quality, cost and risk in construction projects. The aim of this study was to investigate and identify the effects of delays on project quality within the construction industry in Ghana. In attaining the aim of the study the following specific objectives were advanced, one, to find out the factors that causes delay in construction projects, two to assess the effect of the delays on the quality of construction projects, and three to establish a relationship between delay of projects and quality of projects. The study adopted a quantitative structured questionnaire survey by targeting five selected construction companies within Accra and Tema. Respondents were selected by the quota sampling technique. Out of the One Hundred and twenty (120) questionnaires distributed, eighty (80) were retrieved from respondents sixty-seven percent (67). Relative Importance Index and Severity Index were used to analyze the data collected. The study revealed that, three main causes of delays that affect project quality were: Scope, Procurement and Human Resource factors. These three factors composed of 18 indicators ranging from financial resources, delays in honouring payment certificates, poor supervision, underestimation of the project duration, poor communication among stakeholders, challenging designs, environmental conditions, complexity for developers to access bank credit or loans, poor planning, material price escalations, poor data collections and documentations and project selection process or procedures. In concluding, the following measures were promoted for effective construction delivery that will eliminate delay and promote quality work: Proper scope definition and planning, establishing fasts on the financial liquidity of project sponsors, agreed terms and specifications, proper communication channel quick payment schedules agreed by all the contracting parties. KEYS WORDS: Effects, delay, Quality, construction projects, Ghana, contractors, Surveyors, Engineers, Architects and Consultants&#13;
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                <text> MSc. Engineering Project Management</text>
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                <text>Ghana Technology University College</text>
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                <text>Mrs. Getrude Amoakohene</text>
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                <text>Exploring Key Factors Affecting Timely Project Completion in the Road Construction Industry: (A Case Study Of The Ghana Highway Authority)&#13;
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                <text>Project delay or untimely project completion is among the very critical or key challenges encountered during the course of any project implementation, being it building project, sewerage project or road project etc. Construction project delay is a global phenomenon in project delivery and has an impact on the otherwise success or failure of any project. In an attempt to tackle this problem, several authors have attempted by undertaking researches but have all yielded little or no significant solutions to the problem both locally and internationally. The issue of delay on construction project has frustrated development process in many nations, has had an immeasurable cost implication to government and the society as a whole, and also had led to loss of reputation of the contracting parties in the project execution. The purpose or objective of this study was to explore the key causes of construction project delays in the road sector of Ghana’s construction industry. The study went further to identify some of the key or important effects of construction delays on the project itself, the stakeholders and society as a whole and how the causes of delays on projects can be solved. In achieving the aim of the study, data were collected from a sample chosen from the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Road and Highways, Ghana Highway Authority, Road Construction Firms and Consultants who are major stakeholders or players&#13;
of the road construction industry in Ghana. The study adopted a quantitative method of data analysis with a structured questionnaire made up of closed ended questions for data&#13;
collection. Respondents for the data collection were selected by the quota sampling technique. Out of eighty one (81) questionnaires distributed, Sixty (60) were retrieved from&#13;
respondents representing seventy four percent (74%) responsive rate. In determining the most important causes of delay in road construction projects, thirty (30) factors each was identified for study for objectives 1, 2 and 3, after which questionnaires&#13;
were administered and analysis done on the data gathered from questionnaire. For objective 4 to be met, two (2) different groups of factors were identified, the first group involved fifteen&#13;
(15) factors to assess the impact or effects of delays on projects while the second group involved twenty one (21) set of factors to examine the most viable solutions to the factors&#13;
causing delay on projects. The following are key causes of delay on road construction projects; Delays in honouring Payment Certificates for work done, client’s inadequate financial resources planning, inadequate feasibility studies on the project, underestimation of the project duration, underestimation of the cost of the project, lack of the required key technical staff by the&#13;
contractor, lack of the required equipment by the contractor, severe or bad weather encountered during construction and unfavourable site condition. Some of the key impact or effect of delay are as follows; cost overruns, time overruns, abandonment or termination of contract, stagnation in cash-flow to contractor and no value for- money achieved.&#13;
The solution identified for solving delays on road construction projects are as follows; Client should do proper budgeting with a financial plan to enable payment upon submission of payment certificates, initial proper planning of the works must be done to avoid delays, decision making by the client should be prompt, accurate estimation of the project duration at planning stage, contractors’ financial standing should be properly verified before being awarded a contractor. KEYS WORDS: Causes, delay, road, construction, projects, Ghana, contractors, timely,completion&#13;
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                <text>Dr. Michelle Afrifah</text>
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                <text>Exploring Key Factors Affecting Timely Project Completion in the Road Construction Industry: (A Case Study Of The Ghana Highway Authority)&#13;
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                <text>Project delay or untimely project completion is among the very critical or key challenges encountered during the course of any project implementation, being it building project, sewerage project or road project etc. Construction project delay is a global phenomenon in project delivery and has an impact on the otherwise success or failure of any project. In an attempt to tackle this problem, several authors have attempted by undertaking researches but have all yielded little or no significant solutions to the problem both locally and internationally. The issue of delay on construction project has frustrated development process in many nations, has had an immeasurable cost implication to government and the society as a whole, and also had led to loss of reputation of the contracting parties in the project execution. The purpose or objective of this study was to explore the key causes of construction project delays in the road sector of Ghana’s construction industry. The study went further to identify some of the key or important effects of construction delays on the project itself, the stakeholders and society as a whole and how the causes of delays on projects can be solved. In achieving the aim of the study, data were collected from a sample chosen from the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Road and Highways, Ghana Highway Authority, Road Construction Firms and Consultants who are major stakeholders or players&#13;
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collection. Respondents for the data collection were selected by the quota sampling technique. Out of eighty one (81) questionnaires distributed, Sixty (60) were retrieved from&#13;
respondents representing seventy four percent (74%) responsive rate. In determining the most important causes of delay in road construction projects, thirty (30) factors each was identified for study for objectives 1, 2 and 3, after which questionnaires&#13;
were administered and analysis done on the data gathered from questionnaire. For objective 4 to be met, two (2) different groups of factors were identified, the first group involved fifteen&#13;
(15) factors to assess the impact or effects of delays on projects while the second group involved twenty one (21) set of factors to examine the most viable solutions to the factors&#13;
causing delay on projects. The following are key causes of delay on road construction projects; Delays in honouring Payment Certificates for work done, client’s inadequate financial resources planning, inadequate feasibility studies on the project, underestimation of the project duration, underestimation of the cost of the project, lack of the required key technical staff by the&#13;
contractor, lack of the required equipment by the contractor, severe or bad weather encountered during construction and unfavourable site condition. Some of the key impact or effect of delay are as follows; cost overruns, time overruns, abandonment or termination of contract, stagnation in cash-flow to contractor and no value for- money achieved.&#13;
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                <text>Dr. Michelle Afrifah</text>
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                <text>Assessing the Effects of Total Quality Management in Biomedical Engineering Services: A Case Study of Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital&#13;
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                <text>The quest for providing quality services and quality biomedical devices in our hospital to ensure effective but efficient patients expectation cannot be overemphasized within the space of increasing competition and frequent lawsuits of patients on quality healthcare. The main purpose of the study was to assess the effects of total quality on the project operational effort of biomedical engineering services at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital,&#13;
Ghana’s premier teaching hospital with the aim of adding value to healthcare service delivery. Research methodology deployed was descriptive statistics for which Kruskal-Wallis a non-parametric group analysis was used to obtain the p-values and the median&#13;
marks that compared means score from each group based on the cut-of-point of 4.00. It was found from the study that total quality management concept is less understood and practiced among biomedical engineering unit of Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH). It was further found that challenges such as lack of top management support, poor definition of quality as process improvement practice, lack of collaboration and&#13;
teamwork in Biomedical Engineering Unit, lack of training or practice of Total Quality Management, changing organizational need &amp; culture towards quality improvement practices, less employees empowerment to undertake quality initiatives, less employees empowerment to undertake quality initiatives, among others were identify from the study. However, it was found that these challenges impact on healthcare delivery and affect Biomedical Engineering Services at KBTH as it increases cost of operations, increased system, and technology failure negatively; standard specifications procedures are followed, and improves organizational culture towards quality whiles contributing to continuous process improvement at KBTH improves biomedical engineering service positively. To improve performance, the following suggestions are made to be incorporated into management decision in improving healthcare delivery at KBTH. That there should be leadership, management commitment and resources support, communication to total quality policy, definition with management’s employees&#13;
empowerment through training and education, changing organizational culture towards quality, improve internal customer satisfaction and implementing quality management systems among others.</text>
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                <text>SEPTEMBER, 2017</text>
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                <text>Samuel Kingsford Seglah</text>
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                <text>Technology and Prefabrication In Construction and Its Effect On The Time, Financial Savings And The Economy&#13;
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                <text>Daniel Adomako-Mensah</text>
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                <text>This paper seeks to evaluate the distinctive effects of technological innovations within the construction industry on time, savings and the national economy. It is important to consider that developments are not solely based on the need to build your own residence but also to positively affect the functional and economic requirements and conditions of sustainable housing. The agenda for sustainable construction has birthed the development of new prefabricated housing&#13;
construction technologies. The study evaluates the distinctive effects of technological innovations within the building&#13;
construction industry on time, savings and the national economy of developing countries. Also it addresses the underlying challenges inherent to the use of technological innovations and&#13;
prefabrication systems and also on the economic efficiency of the project lifecycle in the Ghanaian building Construction industry. Lesser developed countries continue to embrace technology from developed country counterparts.&#13;
This study contains five main parts and it is based on responses from a questionnaire survey conducted on consultants in the construction industry and relevant theories and information from&#13;
the literature. Based on the information provided by the respondents, the Factor analysis method and Descriptive statistics were used as analytical tools.&#13;
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                <text>MSc Engineering Project Management&#13;
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                <text>Ghana Technology University College</text>
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                <text>Mr. Dominic K Louis</text>
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                <text>Implementation of Total Quality Management In The Construction of Electrical Substation In Ghana&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Edem Yawa Buta-Buama</text>
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                <text>The energy sector of any economy provides the backbone for industrialization to foster. A subsector of the energy sector being the electrical substations which serve as both a power transfer and distribution point is very essential to the development of the energy sector. This study therefore focuses on the implementation of TQM in the substation construction sector. The objective was to find out the challenges in TQM implementation and the level of involvement of both top management and employees. Questionnaires were distributed to ten (10) randomly selected companies in Ghana. These&#13;
were filled by Supervisors and Technical expects to ascertain their knowledge, practises and challenges encountered during TQM implementation in their various companies. The data analysis indicated that most of the companies were familiar with the Quality Control and Inspection of quality management. To understand the necessity of TQM application, it is important to relate TQM application to success stories. This chapter would discuss fundamental of TQM and the effect on construction (substation) projects, whilst relating it to economic benefits of Ghana. An ineffective energy sector will result in crippling the economy since all industries depend on affordable and reliable power supply in order to achieve their set targets Time and cost were the major challenges faced by some of these organisations.&#13;
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                <text>MSc. Engineering Project Management</text>
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                <text>Ghana Technology University College</text>
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                <text>September, 2017</text>
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                <text>Mr. Ernest Ofori-Nyarko</text>
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                <text>Developing A Model For Additional Works On Civil Work Projects In Electricity Company Of Ghana: &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Edmond Botwie</text>
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                <text>The research project was centered on developing of a model for Additional works on civil work projects in Electricity Company of Ghana. The objective of this study was to critically review the causes of Additional works and rank factors contributing to their occurrence. This research also focused on developing appropriate procedures of managing Additional works as well as prescribing ways of eliminating them on civil work projects in Electricity Company of Ghana. The model was developed based on data collated and analyzed from documents on eighty-two completed civil work projects within a period of five years i.e. 2012 to July, 2016 from the Premises division of the company. Data was collated on four categories of completed civil work projects; Customer Service Centres, District and Regional Offices, Residential buildings and Maintenance projects.&#13;
The causes and consequences of Additional works were critically evaluated using the Ishikawa diagram, Pareto chart, graphs and check list. Out of the eighty-two completed projects analysed twenty-nine of them experienced Additional works, constituting 35% of the sample size. Eight main causes of Additional works have been identified, of which Change in scope and Poor planning were ranked from the pivot table as the causes of Additional works with the highest frequency of occurrence in the company. Five consequences of Additional works have been assessed, out of which Increase in project cost and Delay in project schedule have also been ranked highest as the two major causes of Additional works. From the study, the under listed recommendations were arrived at to ensure adequate reduction in the additional works in civil engineering projects in Electricity Company of Ghana.  Adherence to agreed plans by all stakeholders  Synchronization and compliance to all design details  Ensure the adequacy of funds before awarding contract&#13;
 Provision of adequate details on drawings to be used for the construction&#13;
</text>
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                <text>MSc Engineering Project Management</text>
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                <text>Ghana Technology University College</text>
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                <text>Date: September, 2016</text>
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                <text> Dr. Francis Boateng Agyenim</text>
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                <text>Evaluation of the Impact Of Operational Assets Maintenance On Services Reliability in The Utilities Distribution Companies in Ghana. A Case Study Of Ecg &amp; Nedco.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Edward Amo-Acquah&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Electricity has become indispensable in our way of life and it is at this period of time that the average person requires quality, secured and affordable power supply at all times to support our&#13;
industrialization, job creation and poverty alleviation effort.&#13;
In contrast the Utilities companies are under pressure and confronted with an array of challenges including ageing infrastructure, high expectation from consumers, inadequate investments, high operational power losses and no being able to attain full cost of electricity sold. It is against this background that this research is carried out to study asset maintenance processes&#13;
which are currently being practiced in the distribution companies and whether they are up to the best international standards and moreover whether they are capable of meeting the ever increasing expectation of their customers.&#13;
Methodology deployed in the study included sending a well structural questionnaire to at least half the operating areas and regions of ECG and NEDCO based on a purposive sampling technique with enquires spanning from strategy techniques, to planning organizational structure human resources material management, to use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to health and safety issues among others. Data was also collected on their reliability of the network Results of study indicate that the current asset maintenance practice of all seven areas centre around stabilising and preventive regimes with very little variations among all of them. This is mainly due to similar structures and methods being implemented by virtue that they are under two main umbrella state controlled organizations.&#13;
Moreover following the research, although a lot has being done to raise the standard of assets maintenance, current practices will never allow them to achieve the expected standard unless drastic measures are put in place for them to move away from the classical approach of maintenance to a more aggressive and predictive. Furthermore in our study we identified major recommendations, including strong leadership, changes in maintenance methodology, Change management and migrating to the use of modern ICT in all areas of operation which if adopted aggressively with concerted effort could lead to the&#13;
achievement of the ambitious performance indicators set by the industry regulator and business excellence.</text>
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                <text> MSc. ENGINEERING PROJECT MANAGEMENT</text>
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                <text>Ghana Technology University College</text>
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                <text>May 2016</text>
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                <text>Ing. Isaac Hanson</text>
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                  <text>MSc. Engineering Project Management</text>
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                <text>Effect of Optimization of Risk Allocation in Construction Projects &#13;
&#13;
 &#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Emmanuel Ebo Hayfron </text>
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                <text>The process of risk management is made of identification of risks, analysis of risks, Reponses to risks and the monitoring of risks. The identification of risk can be regarded as the process where an organization identifying potential risks that have the possibility of affecting the success of a project. The allocation of risks can significantly influence the behavior of the project participants, and further impacts on the cost of project and the performance of the project. This is the main reason why there is no agreement on an optimal risks allocation within the participants in the construction industry. In respect to this, the research seek to evaluate the effect of optimization of risk allocation in construction projects in Ghana. However, due to the current practice of allocation of risks within the construction industry, risks can be allocated statistically at the beginning of the construction projects via a contractual clauses, in spite of the fact that, most construction projects are dynamic in nature. The research design to be used for the study will include the mixed research approach. This approach involve the use of both qualitative and quantitative research method. According to Creswell (2003), the use of the mixed research approach provide researchers with wider view of data gathering and analysis. The random and purposively sampling technique was employed during the gathering of data. The random sampling technique was used to gather data from the selected construction companies, while the purposively sampling technique used to gather data from selected key personnel within the construction companies. Based on the data gathered from the respondent, the main current practice of risks in the Ghanaian construction industry is the allocation of risks to parties that lack the expertise and resources to manage them. Also, all procurement routes that are employed do not create any room for proper and effective allocation of risks. Risks are very dynamic, therefore, there is the need to create a collaborative, cooperative and teamwork project environment that will bring risks under control in all construction projects that will be executed</text>
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                <text>MSc Engineering Project Management </text>
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                <text>January 2017</text>
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                <text>Mr. Otu Larbi-Siaw</text>
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                <text>Critical Success Factors In Roads Sector Contract Management in Ghana &#13;
 &#13;
 &#13;
 &#13;
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                <text>Emmanuel Norgah Bukari</text>
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                <text>The road construction industry in Ghana is one of the largest job creators and is highly competitive. The high number of failures in road projects suggests the existence of an underlying critical success factor which have not been identified. This study assesses the critical success factors in road sector contract management in Ghana and presents the results of survey-based research derived from the responses of approximately 145 respondents from contracting officers limited to the Road Sector Ministry (Ghana Highways Authority, Department of Feeder Roads and Department of Urban Roads) and Road Contractors and Consultants in Ghana. The principal contribution of this study is to identify the implications of critical success factors and prioritize by ranking, and provide suggestion that can be implemented in the road sector to improve contract management in Ghana. To analyze the data from the questionnaires, an excel spreadsheet was used applying the Rank Enhanced Formula functions to extract the weightings, sort and ranked them in ascending order of priority with the application of weighted score. The results mean that, the respondents considered the one with the highest ranged value being most critical success factor is-à-vis the others respectively.&#13;
The overall conclusion is that, focussing on the critical success factor as prioritized, can improve the road sector contract management in Ghana. The recommendation among others is that the road sector in Ghana should put their attention more on the shared knowledge procedures and areas impacting project contract management by attending to the branded critical success factors in the area of organizational procedures and structures.&#13;
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="681">
                <text> MSc. Engineering Project Management </text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Ghana Technology University College</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>May 2018</text>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>Mr. Andrew Nunekpeku </text>
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