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                <text>Examining the Decision-Making Approaches and Challenges Affecting Ghana’s Railway Sector &#13;
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                <text>Michael Adjei Anyetei &#13;
&#13;
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                <text>The rail system in Ghana has received increased attention since patronage from both passengers and freight traffic plummeted as a result of lack of infrastructural development in rail tracks, station buildings, bridges, culverts, locomotives, passenger coaches, and mineral wagons. The purpose of the study is to assess the decision-making framework in Ghana’s rail sector and how it can further be strengthened to address the challenges in the rail system and thereby promote national development. The study employed mixed methods of descriptive quantitative method and a qualitative method to address the specific objectives of the study. The specific objectives of the study were to assess the existing decision-making framework and its effectiveness on capital investment for the railway sector in Ghana; to examine the implications of decision-making policies on the performance of Ghana’s railway sector; to identify the challenges affecting decision-making framework of Ghana’s railway sector; and to examine the role of information in the decision-making framework of Ghana’s railway sector. The study showed that the decision-making framework of the Ghana Railway Company Limited has adverse implication including inefficiencies and poor service delivery on the performance of the railway sector. It also came to light that the existing decision-making framework of GRCL does not promote capital investment due to the low level of commitment towards the expansion of infrastructure and an uneven allocation of funds in the railway sector. Moreover, the major challenge of the railway sector was noted as pecuniary while embezzlement and a virtually non-existent maintenance culture posed an everyday threat to Ghana’s railway sector. Lastly, the study established the vital role information play in the decision-making approaches of the railway sector in the developing world. It is recommended that adequate capital investment must be injected into the railway sector through the arrangement of public-private partnerships.</text>
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                <text> Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) </text>
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                <text>Ghana Technology University Library</text>
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                <text>November 2017</text>
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                <text> A Study of Supply Chain Management Practices of Selected Beverage Manufacturing Firms in Ghana. &#13;
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                <text>Robert Kweku Tay &#13;
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                <text> Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) &#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Ghana Technology University Library</text>
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                <text>April 2018</text>
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                <text>Assessing the Effect of Internal Control Systems on Financial Performance of Rural Banks in Brong Ahafo Region in Ghana&#13;
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                <text>Asante Effah&#13;
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                <text>For banks to be effective and efficient there is the need to put measures in place to strengthen the internal controls to avoid misappropriation of financial resources and also to protect the assets of the organization. The main purpose of the study is to assess the impact of the internal control systems on financial performance of rural banks in the&#13;
Brong Ahafo region of Ghana. The study utilized the COSO framework as variables to model a conceptual framework for the study. From the conceptual and theoretical framework, six hypotheses were stated and tested using structural equation model. Quantitative research methods with exploratory and descriptive designs were used in this study. Data were collected from all the 22 rural banks in the Brong Ahafo region.&#13;
The underlying paradigm for the study is pragmatism that facilitated the utilization of suitable methodologies to answer the research questions. There were 257 structured&#13;
questionnaires that were distributed out of which 211 were returned and 202 valid questionnaires were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of the study indicate that the relationships between the variables stated were not significant in their ability to ensure financial performance of rural banks. This clearly suggests that control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, monitoring procedures in Ghana have lost touch with the activities on the controls. This means that most rural banks fail to perform due to the lack of attention given to its supervision. Finally, the study recommends that banks must put pragmatic measures in place to make sure the internal controls are strengthened within rural banks.</text>
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                <text>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Business Administration.</text>
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                <text>Ghana Technology University Library</text>
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                <text>2018&#13;
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                <text>Investigating the Interrelationships among Financial Development, Strategy Efficiency and Economic Growth: Evidence from Ghana and Nigeria. &#13;
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                <text>Augustine Opoku-Antwi &#13;
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                <text>This thesis sought to identify strategies employed by the banking sectors in Ghana and Nigeria, establishes finance-growth relationship if any and finance-strategy-growth interrelationships. Ghana and Nigeria were selected because the two countries have the largest Economies in West Africa and undergone extensive financial sector reforms since mid-1980s. The research philosophy and approach employed in this study were positivism and quantitative methods. The annualised data used were from World Bank, Bank of Ghana, and Central Bank of Nigeria, and from all deposit money banks (DMBs) in the two countries from 1985 to 2015 for effective assessment. Porters Fives Forces of Competition Model, SWOT Analysis and Miles and Snow Strategy Typology (MSST) were used to identify different strategies. The Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model estimated strategy efficiency and econometric techniques such as Johansen Cointegration, Vector Error Correction model, Vector Autoregression Model and Granger Causality Test were employed to establish finance, growth and strategy interrelationships. The banking strategy of each DMB is largely determined by the strategic focus of the individual bank and in part by the monetary authorities. Retail banking is a major segment but vulnerable. Six major strategic themes were identified. The results obtained suggest that strategies employed by Ghanaian banking system are technically more efficient compared to their counterparts from Nigeria. Aggression does not lead to efficiency. In the short run, there was no causal relationship between the market-based financial system and economic growth in both countries. Ghana’s bank-based financial system has no causal link with economic growth. Financial development in Ghana causes economic growth in the short-run and long run while in Nigeria there exist bidirectional causal relationships with economic growth. In the Finance-Strategy-Growth interrelationships, it was established that these variables have some common linkages in both Ghana and Nigeria.&#13;
DMBs and regulators must address the regulatory compliance, capital management, technology infrastructure and cybersecurity. Ring-fenced retail banking segment for protection from all risks. Push the DMBs from pursing short-term gains compared with long-term gains that contribute to sustainable economic growth. This study contributed to finance-growth literature, opened a discussion on finance-strategy-growth interrelationships, developed strategy and strategy efficiency models.</text>
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                <text>Doctor of Business Administration &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Ghana Technology University Library</text>
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                <text>December 2017</text>
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                <text>Optimizing the Berthing Space to Reduce  Clearance Time during Importation, A Case of Tema Port - GHANA </text>
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                <text>David King Boison &#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Due to the delays in the clearance time during importation, both maritime industry and academia are seeking for alternative strategies to address these concerns. This is because the port remains the heartbeat of every economy. The reduction of the time in handling vessels and cargoes can be achieved, if effective measures are put in place to reduce the cycle time of operational and documentary activities during importation. The study is motivated by the port expansion project at the Port of Tema which promises to triple the capacity of the port. The dissertation seeks to develop a stylized optimization model using Knapsack to maximize the number of vessels served at the port of Tema, develop and test a simulation model to simulate the current state of vessel operations in order to identify challenges at port of Tema and conduct scenario analysis simulation in order to maximize the number of vessels served to minimize the clearance time during importation. To achieve the objectives of the study, a stylized knapsack and simulation models are developed to optimize the utilization of berthing space while considering resource allocation, berth length, and other operational constraints. To test the effectiveness of the models, a 12 months’ vessel statistics is utilized to run the optimization and simulation models. The simulation model is utilized to further test effectiveness of the model through scenario analysis simulation. The Knapsack model reports of high utilization of 87% of berthing space. The simulation results, on the other hand, records a high berth occupancy rate. However, the number of vessels handled within the time horizon was averagely low with a corresponding high vessel service time (turnaround time). Furthermore, the scenario analysis simulation showed a comparatively high occupancy rate, a low vessel service time and a high berth space utilization.</text>
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                <text>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Business Administration </text>
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&#13;
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                <text>Recapitalisation and Bank Performance Indices: Evidence from Ghana Using the Slems Framework.&#13;
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                <text>Eugene Asiamah-Boadi&#13;
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                <text>Regulators and monetary institutions over the period have used various recapitalisation reforms to promote stability within the banking fraternity. The fallout of the global financial crisis in 2007 has confirmed the inadequacy of these reforms and same has led to many reforms within the banking space particularly on the matter of bank recapitalisation. Recapitalisation entails increasing the capital stock of an organisation either in equity or debt components in order to achieve a desired capital structure, - optimum capital structure. In the context of banking, recapitalisation is a regulatory tool that results in a bank securing a long term capital stock by altering its capital structure substantially through the use of equity funding. This regulatory tool is aimed at providing additional cash cover to support a bank’s operations in a given economy. Prior to the year 2008, the Bank of Ghana had caused banks to increase their capital levels in smaller lots to achieve some desired levels. The Bank of Ghana in February 14, 2008, the Bank of Ghana directed banks in Ghana; Foreign Controlled Banks (FCBs) and Domestic Controlled Banks (DCBs) to shore up their capital levels to attain a minimum recapitalisation threshold of GH¢60 million (equivalent to USD 30 million) by December 2009 and December 2012 respectively. Subsequent to the 2012 recapitalisation deadline, there have since been two other directives on bank recapitalisation by the Bank of Ghana with the recent one being the new recapitalised amount of GH¢400 million (equivalent to USD $85 million) to be attained by all banks come 31st December 2018. The 2008 recapitalisation policy was the major recapitalisation reform the Ghanaian banking industry had experienced at the time and same gave the researcher the pleasure to measure the impact of such an exercise on bank performances and whether or not the recapitalisation exercise has achieved its desired outcomes, recapitalisation motives. The 2008 recapitalisation reform was also to enable banks undertake big ticket transactions in the economy, be able to absorb losses and also to improve the overall performance of these banks.&#13;
The study therefore discusses the subject matter of recapitalisation and how its regulation has affected bank performances in Ghana over the period. The study provides empirical evidence on how additional bank capital introduced in a bank’s capital structure impacts bank performances – through testing of relationships and establishing causality among variables. Performances of banks were measured using the SLEMS framework; solvency, liquidity, earnings, management and sensitivity ratios to market risk via banks system and controls. The study adopted a quantitative research approach and largely used secondary data for a ten year period spanning 2006 -2015. Purposive sampling method was used to sample 20 banks comprising of Nine (9) FCBs and Eleven (11) DCBs. The model specification was developed along the production function theory where output (dependent variables) is deemed a function of inputs (independent variables). This model was further developed using multiple regression equation to include all other variables for purposes of predicting output. The research findings from the study show that it is easier and faster for FCBs to recapitalise than when it comes to DCBs. The research findings also suggest that FCBs do better than DCBs in the short run. The findings however suggest that DCBs recorded higher recapitalisation levels than FCBs thereby improving the positions of DCBs in the long run. The study revealed that there was a positive relationship between recapitalisation and all other independent variables. There were mixed results and outcomes with respect to how dependent variables impacted dependent variables. These mixed results form the basis of future research to interrogate further why a particular approach to achieving regulators recapitalisation directive have been used over the years, and whether or not another type of recapitalisation reform could be used going forward. The research outcome is aimed at helping stakeholders particularly regulators within the financial system; pensions, securities and insurance industries to better appreciate the effects of the recapitalisation in their respective industries and the Ghanaian financial system as a whole.</text>
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                <text>Assessing the Determinants of Public-Private Partnership Investment Decision Making: A Case Study of the Energy Sector in Ghana.&#13;
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                <text>Gertrude Amoakohene</text>
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                <text>This study is intended to unravel the determinants of PPP investment decisions in the energy sector to help potential investors and also fill in the knowledge gap. &#13;
To address the problem, the study adopted mixed method research to analyse the determinants of PPP investment decision to invest in the energy sector of Ghana. The study iidentified five factors that determined the PPP investment decision to invest in the energy sector of Ghana. These are investment opportunities; financial information /government policies; macroeconomic factors; investment promotion agencies and risk.&#13;
The study found out that PPP investment decision in the energy sector of Ghana was mainly influenced by financial information/government policies which were as a result of the energy crisis experienced between the periods of 2012 to 2015. The study explained that the fact that Ghana had to wait till they got into a severe energy crisis before acting made the country signed on to contracts that did not favour the country. Again the appropriate procedures were not followed to secure the investment. The macroeconomic factors such as inflation and interest rate were significant for explaining the PPP investment decision to invest in the energy sector of Ghana.&#13;
The researcher recommends that strong policies and clear guideline to signing on contracts that give the country value for money should be explored. Also an efficient public institutions and potential demand for power should be encourage PPP initiative for investment in the energy sector of Ghana.</text>
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                <text> Investigating the Predictors and Effects of Psychological Contract Breach of Nurses in Selected Mission Hospitals in Ghana.&#13;
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                <text>Ghulam Ahmed Bin Donkor&#13;
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                <text>Doctor in Philosophy PhD in Business Administration”&#13;
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                <text>The Effect of Microfinance as a Poverty Reduction Tool: A Case of ID Ghana.&#13;
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                <text>Hamisu Muhammed&#13;
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                <text>The study aims at providing a critical appraisal of the effectiveness of microfinance as a universal poverty reduction tool. It has been argued that while microfinance has developed some innovative management and business strategies, its impact on poverty reduction remains in doubt (Chowdhury, 2009). Microfinance, however, certainly plays an important role in providing a safety net and consumption smoothening. The borrowers of microfinance possibly also benefit from learning-by doing and from self-esteem.&#13;
However, to ascertain to ascertain any significant dent in poverty, the study needs to be conducted to evaluate the operational and financial perspective of microfinance institutions and their products. The study aims to examine the effects of microfinance as a poverty reduction tool. The research questions to be addressed include: (a) To what extent do microfinance institutions (hereinafter referred to as “MFIs”) alleviate poverty? and (b) Do MFIs have an impact on Ghana’s financial market? The study provides solution guidelines for regulators and academia in this era of turbulent microfinance industry. A critical literature review was conducted and gaps therein established. Thus, although microfinance is seen to have a positive impact on poverty reduction, other authors refuted it, and asked for more rigorous research in this area. In this study, primary data have been collected using structured questionnaires and interviews. The primary data were directly collected from the field by administering 695 questionnaires across various sub-metros in the Greater Accra region of the Republic of Ghana. Using the stratified sampling approach, the selection procedure for Initiative Development (hereinafter referred to as “ID”) Ghana clients considered several factors and involve multiple stages. The chief limitation of the approach is that the sample may not be representative of the population if it is not carefully selected. Again, the selection process of the interviewees does not give all the population members a fair chance of being selected, due to over reliance on mobile bankers and a small group to identify the target interviewees. Three different data analysis tool were employed. One, Structural equation modeling is preferred by the researcher because it estimates the multiple and interrelated dependence in a single analysis. In this analysis, two types of variables are used, endogenous (dependent) variables and exogenous (Independent) variables. Two, analysis of variance (hereinafter referred to as “ANOVA”) is also used because it enables the researcher to see how effective microfinance products are used to alleviate or reduce poverty. The ANOVA is also able to tell if another intervention can do the same task in a shorter period, whilst costing less in reducing poverty in less privileged communities. Three, simple statistical analysis is also used and the results presented in tables, charts and graphs. The purpose is to summarize data and give an immediate “picture” of the data. From the data analysis, it was observed that economic independence had a positively insignificant effect on poverty Reduction (β = -0.124, p = .343), hence H1 was not supported. Housing and shelter had a positively significant effect on poverty reduction (β= 0.436, p = .000); whilst asset ownership had a positively significant effect on poverty reduction (β = 0.556, p = .001). Furthermore, food &amp; nutrition had a positively significant effect on poverty reduction (β = 0.422, p = .004); whist health &amp; hygiene had a positively significant effect on poverty reduction (β = 0.386, p = .000). Lastly, asset ownership had a positively significant effect on economic independence (β = 0.626, p = .000). Based on the evidence we accept H2, H3, H4, H5, H6 respectively, which are supported by the model and reject H1 as it is not supported by the model. Turning to the ANOVA results, it was observed that microfinance institutions, to some extent help alleviate poverty among women traders. This is evident from the fact that the revenue of participants who took loans, appears to improve post loan. That is to say that, their actual mean performance exceeded the expected results by one percent (1%). In a plain language, the post loan revenue improved by 80%.&#13;
The findings of this study have several implications for the academia, microfinance institutions and the policymakers. For academia, this study added new evidence regarding the impact of microfinance on the socioeconomic development of low income households, especially women who cannot access financial services due to their poverty. Thus, it helps theses households to diversify their income and thereby alleviate their poverty. In a nutshell, this study provides an insight into the role of microfinance on women empowerment in the urban and rural parts of a developing country. In the context of Ghana, given the peculiar status of women in the society, coupled with the emerging economic uncertainty in the family system, it has become imperative for them to undertake a venture or economic activities that could stabilize the uncertainties. Prominent among the vast range of sources of capital is the microfinance products. The microfinance provide women with a relative economic stability through employment generation, creates gender parity through empowerment and assets accumulation. It further provides women with the capacity to educate their children and cater for their health needs as well.&#13;
&#13;
In a similar vein, this study suggests that microfinance has the ability to contribute significantly to the achievement of a new economic policy (NEP) and a new economic model (NEM) that guide the achievement of the Ghana Agenda for Job Creation and Poverty Reduction Strategy, through a comprehensive social intervention in the wake of Nation Builders Corp (NABCO), Stimulus Packages; One District One Factory, One Million per Constituency, Entrepreneurial Development Fund and Zongo Development Fund. It does so, through enhancing the socioeconomic wellbeing of poor and low income people especially women. It also plays a central role in creating jobs for women especially those with low education. Therefore, microfinance opens an opportunity for,women borrowers to play significant role in a national economic development.</text>
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                <text>Ghana Technology University Library&#13;
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                <text>An Exploratory Study of Critical Success Factors of Selected Ghanaian Entrepreneurs.&#13;
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                <text>Kwabena Agyenim-Boateng&#13;
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                <text>The importance of entrepreneurship globally, cannot be underestimated considering their critical role in the socio-economic development and growth of the world economy.&#13;
Entrepreneurs empower people through the creation of employment and wealth to liberate them from poverty, homelessness, and its associated challenges. While one group of entrepreneurs are expanding their territories opening new companies, the second group of entrepreneurs are battling collapsing businesses. This study intended to research the elements that constitute and contribute to the apparent success of the Successful Indigenous Entrepreneurs (SIEs). A qualitative phenomenological exploratory approach and purposive sampling technique were adopted for the study. Face-To-Face in-depth interviews were conducted to document the narratives and lived experiences of the participants. In the researchers’ quest to present a holistic report of the lived experiences of the Indigenous Successful Entrepreneurs, interviews and observation of the participants were corroborated and augmented with other documentary evidence from internet, print media, books, and pamphlets. A thematic analysis of the data was conducted using word Nvivo 11 pro.&#13;
The emerging themes were focusing on their business dreams, ploughing back profit into the business, starting from where they have work experience or know-how, having an entrepreneurial mindset, being a hard-working person, resilient, and above all being Godfearing. Studies about Indigenous Entrepreneurs are still at its infantile phases; further research is recommended to look at, comparing the critical success factors of indigenous entrepreneurs and their foreign counterparts operating in Ghana, focusing on the similarities and their differences. Insightful lessons from the life experiences present pictorial a harmony of the phenomenon.</text>
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                <text>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Business Administration&#13;
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