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                <text>Assessing the Effect of Internal Control Systems on Financial Performance of Rural Banks in Brong Ahafo Region in Ghana&#13;
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                <text>Asante Effah&#13;
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                <text>For banks to be effective and efficient there is the need to put measures in place to strengthen the internal controls to avoid misappropriation of financial resources and also to protect the assets of the organization. The main purpose of the study is to assess the impact of the internal control systems on financial performance of rural banks in the&#13;
Brong Ahafo region of Ghana. The study utilized the COSO framework as variables to model a conceptual framework for the study. From the conceptual and theoretical framework, six hypotheses were stated and tested using structural equation model. Quantitative research methods with exploratory and descriptive designs were used in this study. Data were collected from all the 22 rural banks in the Brong Ahafo region.&#13;
The underlying paradigm for the study is pragmatism that facilitated the utilization of suitable methodologies to answer the research questions. There were 257 structured&#13;
questionnaires that were distributed out of which 211 were returned and 202 valid questionnaires were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of the study indicate that the relationships between the variables stated were not significant in their ability to ensure financial performance of rural banks. This clearly suggests that control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, monitoring procedures in Ghana have lost touch with the activities on the controls. This means that most rural banks fail to perform due to the lack of attention given to its supervision. Finally, the study recommends that banks must put pragmatic measures in place to make sure the internal controls are strengthened within rural banks.</text>
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                <text>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Business Administration.</text>
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                <text>Ghana Technology University Library</text>
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                <text>2018&#13;
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                <text>Investigating the Interrelationships among Financial Development, Strategy Efficiency and Economic Growth: Evidence from Ghana and Nigeria. &#13;
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                <text>Augustine Opoku-Antwi &#13;
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                <text>This thesis sought to identify strategies employed by the banking sectors in Ghana and Nigeria, establishes finance-growth relationship if any and finance-strategy-growth interrelationships. Ghana and Nigeria were selected because the two countries have the largest Economies in West Africa and undergone extensive financial sector reforms since mid-1980s. The research philosophy and approach employed in this study were positivism and quantitative methods. The annualised data used were from World Bank, Bank of Ghana, and Central Bank of Nigeria, and from all deposit money banks (DMBs) in the two countries from 1985 to 2015 for effective assessment. Porters Fives Forces of Competition Model, SWOT Analysis and Miles and Snow Strategy Typology (MSST) were used to identify different strategies. The Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model estimated strategy efficiency and econometric techniques such as Johansen Cointegration, Vector Error Correction model, Vector Autoregression Model and Granger Causality Test were employed to establish finance, growth and strategy interrelationships. The banking strategy of each DMB is largely determined by the strategic focus of the individual bank and in part by the monetary authorities. Retail banking is a major segment but vulnerable. Six major strategic themes were identified. The results obtained suggest that strategies employed by Ghanaian banking system are technically more efficient compared to their counterparts from Nigeria. Aggression does not lead to efficiency. In the short run, there was no causal relationship between the market-based financial system and economic growth in both countries. Ghana’s bank-based financial system has no causal link with economic growth. Financial development in Ghana causes economic growth in the short-run and long run while in Nigeria there exist bidirectional causal relationships with economic growth. In the Finance-Strategy-Growth interrelationships, it was established that these variables have some common linkages in both Ghana and Nigeria.&#13;
DMBs and regulators must address the regulatory compliance, capital management, technology infrastructure and cybersecurity. Ring-fenced retail banking segment for protection from all risks. Push the DMBs from pursing short-term gains compared with long-term gains that contribute to sustainable economic growth. This study contributed to finance-growth literature, opened a discussion on finance-strategy-growth interrelationships, developed strategy and strategy efficiency models.</text>
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                <text>Doctor of Business Administration &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Ghana Technology University Library</text>
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                <text>December 2017</text>
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                <text>Optimizing the Berthing Space to Reduce  Clearance Time during Importation, A Case of Tema Port - GHANA </text>
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                <text>David King Boison &#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Due to the delays in the clearance time during importation, both maritime industry and academia are seeking for alternative strategies to address these concerns. This is because the port remains the heartbeat of every economy. The reduction of the time in handling vessels and cargoes can be achieved, if effective measures are put in place to reduce the cycle time of operational and documentary activities during importation. The study is motivated by the port expansion project at the Port of Tema which promises to triple the capacity of the port. The dissertation seeks to develop a stylized optimization model using Knapsack to maximize the number of vessels served at the port of Tema, develop and test a simulation model to simulate the current state of vessel operations in order to identify challenges at port of Tema and conduct scenario analysis simulation in order to maximize the number of vessels served to minimize the clearance time during importation. To achieve the objectives of the study, a stylized knapsack and simulation models are developed to optimize the utilization of berthing space while considering resource allocation, berth length, and other operational constraints. To test the effectiveness of the models, a 12 months’ vessel statistics is utilized to run the optimization and simulation models. The simulation model is utilized to further test effectiveness of the model through scenario analysis simulation. The Knapsack model reports of high utilization of 87% of berthing space. The simulation results, on the other hand, records a high berth occupancy rate. However, the number of vessels handled within the time horizon was averagely low with a corresponding high vessel service time (turnaround time). Furthermore, the scenario analysis simulation showed a comparatively high occupancy rate, a low vessel service time and a high berth space utilization.</text>
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                <text>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Business Administration </text>
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                <text>March 2017 &#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Recapitalisation and Bank Performance Indices: Evidence from Ghana Using the Slems Framework.&#13;
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                <text>Eugene Asiamah-Boadi&#13;
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                <text>Regulators and monetary institutions over the period have used various recapitalisation reforms to promote stability within the banking fraternity. The fallout of the global financial crisis in 2007 has confirmed the inadequacy of these reforms and same has led to many reforms within the banking space particularly on the matter of bank recapitalisation. Recapitalisation entails increasing the capital stock of an organisation either in equity or debt components in order to achieve a desired capital structure, - optimum capital structure. In the context of banking, recapitalisation is a regulatory tool that results in a bank securing a long term capital stock by altering its capital structure substantially through the use of equity funding. This regulatory tool is aimed at providing additional cash cover to support a bank’s operations in a given economy. Prior to the year 2008, the Bank of Ghana had caused banks to increase their capital levels in smaller lots to achieve some desired levels. The Bank of Ghana in February 14, 2008, the Bank of Ghana directed banks in Ghana; Foreign Controlled Banks (FCBs) and Domestic Controlled Banks (DCBs) to shore up their capital levels to attain a minimum recapitalisation threshold of GH¢60 million (equivalent to USD 30 million) by December 2009 and December 2012 respectively. Subsequent to the 2012 recapitalisation deadline, there have since been two other directives on bank recapitalisation by the Bank of Ghana with the recent one being the new recapitalised amount of GH¢400 million (equivalent to USD $85 million) to be attained by all banks come 31st December 2018. The 2008 recapitalisation policy was the major recapitalisation reform the Ghanaian banking industry had experienced at the time and same gave the researcher the pleasure to measure the impact of such an exercise on bank performances and whether or not the recapitalisation exercise has achieved its desired outcomes, recapitalisation motives. The 2008 recapitalisation reform was also to enable banks undertake big ticket transactions in the economy, be able to absorb losses and also to improve the overall performance of these banks.&#13;
The study therefore discusses the subject matter of recapitalisation and how its regulation has affected bank performances in Ghana over the period. The study provides empirical evidence on how additional bank capital introduced in a bank’s capital structure impacts bank performances – through testing of relationships and establishing causality among variables. Performances of banks were measured using the SLEMS framework; solvency, liquidity, earnings, management and sensitivity ratios to market risk via banks system and controls. The study adopted a quantitative research approach and largely used secondary data for a ten year period spanning 2006 -2015. Purposive sampling method was used to sample 20 banks comprising of Nine (9) FCBs and Eleven (11) DCBs. The model specification was developed along the production function theory where output (dependent variables) is deemed a function of inputs (independent variables). This model was further developed using multiple regression equation to include all other variables for purposes of predicting output. The research findings from the study show that it is easier and faster for FCBs to recapitalise than when it comes to DCBs. The research findings also suggest that FCBs do better than DCBs in the short run. The findings however suggest that DCBs recorded higher recapitalisation levels than FCBs thereby improving the positions of DCBs in the long run. The study revealed that there was a positive relationship between recapitalisation and all other independent variables. There were mixed results and outcomes with respect to how dependent variables impacted dependent variables. These mixed results form the basis of future research to interrogate further why a particular approach to achieving regulators recapitalisation directive have been used over the years, and whether or not another type of recapitalisation reform could be used going forward. The research outcome is aimed at helping stakeholders particularly regulators within the financial system; pensions, securities and insurance industries to better appreciate the effects of the recapitalisation in their respective industries and the Ghanaian financial system as a whole.</text>
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                <text>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Thesis&#13;
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                <text>April 2018&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Ghana Technology University Library</text>
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                <text>Assessing the Determinants of Public-Private Partnership Investment Decision Making: A Case Study of the Energy Sector in Ghana.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Gertrude Amoakohene</text>
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                <text>This study is intended to unravel the determinants of PPP investment decisions in the energy sector to help potential investors and also fill in the knowledge gap. &#13;
To address the problem, the study adopted mixed method research to analyse the determinants of PPP investment decision to invest in the energy sector of Ghana. The study iidentified five factors that determined the PPP investment decision to invest in the energy sector of Ghana. These are investment opportunities; financial information /government policies; macroeconomic factors; investment promotion agencies and risk.&#13;
The study found out that PPP investment decision in the energy sector of Ghana was mainly influenced by financial information/government policies which were as a result of the energy crisis experienced between the periods of 2012 to 2015. The study explained that the fact that Ghana had to wait till they got into a severe energy crisis before acting made the country signed on to contracts that did not favour the country. Again the appropriate procedures were not followed to secure the investment. The macroeconomic factors such as inflation and interest rate were significant for explaining the PPP investment decision to invest in the energy sector of Ghana.&#13;
The researcher recommends that strong policies and clear guideline to signing on contracts that give the country value for money should be explored. Also an efficient public institutions and potential demand for power should be encourage PPP initiative for investment in the energy sector of Ghana.</text>
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                <text>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) In Business Administration&#13;
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                <text>August 2018</text>
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                <text> Investigating the Predictors and Effects of Psychological Contract Breach of Nurses in Selected Mission Hospitals in Ghana.&#13;
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                <text>Ghulam Ahmed Bin Donkor&#13;
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                <text>Investigating Citizens’ Perspectives on Ghana’s Health Security Threat Preparedness.&#13;
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                <text>Gwendoline-Marie Omane-Brimpong Opoku&#13;
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                <text>This research discusses Citizens’ perspectives on health security threats in Ghana. The main objectives were to examine Citizens’ perspectives on Ghana’s preparedness towards managing health security threats; analyse existing measures and/or countermeasures for the recognition of health security threats as an early warning detection system; ascertain at the institutional level, regulatory frameworks and collaborations that exists between public health institutions and national security agencies for managing health security threats from a citizenry perspective and propose a citizencentric National Health Security Preparedness and Response model to mitigate against health risks and threats.&#13;
The work is framed within a knowledge and capacity perspective than a security vulnerability perspective. The mixed methods approach which focused on the research problem, using the pluralistic methods of data collection was adopted. Data was collected using interviews and a questionnaire with Likert scale items. Purposive and convenient sampling techniques were employed in the selection of participants and data was analysed using thematic and descriptive analyses. From the analyses, Citizens perceived a strong regulatory framework and institutional collaborations to respond and manage health security threats, however surveillance and detection systems as well as early warning and counter measures against health security threats need strengthening. The major recommendations are the need for a national health security policy, capacity building (including a health security workforce) as well as the development of surge infrastructure and education.</text>
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                <text>The Effect of Microfinance as a Poverty Reduction Tool: A Case of ID Ghana.&#13;
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                <text>Hamisu Muhammed&#13;
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                <text>The study aims at providing a critical appraisal of the effectiveness of microfinance as a universal poverty reduction tool. It has been argued that while microfinance has developed some innovative management and business strategies, its impact on poverty reduction remains in doubt (Chowdhury, 2009). Microfinance, however, certainly plays an important role in providing a safety net and consumption smoothening. The borrowers of microfinance possibly also benefit from learning-by doing and from self-esteem.&#13;
However, to ascertain to ascertain any significant dent in poverty, the study needs to be conducted to evaluate the operational and financial perspective of microfinance institutions and their products. The study aims to examine the effects of microfinance as a poverty reduction tool. The research questions to be addressed include: (a) To what extent do microfinance institutions (hereinafter referred to as “MFIs”) alleviate poverty? and (b) Do MFIs have an impact on Ghana’s financial market? The study provides solution guidelines for regulators and academia in this era of turbulent microfinance industry. A critical literature review was conducted and gaps therein established. Thus, although microfinance is seen to have a positive impact on poverty reduction, other authors refuted it, and asked for more rigorous research in this area. In this study, primary data have been collected using structured questionnaires and interviews. The primary data were directly collected from the field by administering 695 questionnaires across various sub-metros in the Greater Accra region of the Republic of Ghana. Using the stratified sampling approach, the selection procedure for Initiative Development (hereinafter referred to as “ID”) Ghana clients considered several factors and involve multiple stages. The chief limitation of the approach is that the sample may not be representative of the population if it is not carefully selected. Again, the selection process of the interviewees does not give all the population members a fair chance of being selected, due to over reliance on mobile bankers and a small group to identify the target interviewees. Three different data analysis tool were employed. One, Structural equation modeling is preferred by the researcher because it estimates the multiple and interrelated dependence in a single analysis. In this analysis, two types of variables are used, endogenous (dependent) variables and exogenous (Independent) variables. Two, analysis of variance (hereinafter referred to as “ANOVA”) is also used because it enables the researcher to see how effective microfinance products are used to alleviate or reduce poverty. The ANOVA is also able to tell if another intervention can do the same task in a shorter period, whilst costing less in reducing poverty in less privileged communities. Three, simple statistical analysis is also used and the results presented in tables, charts and graphs. The purpose is to summarize data and give an immediate “picture” of the data. From the data analysis, it was observed that economic independence had a positively insignificant effect on poverty Reduction (β = -0.124, p = .343), hence H1 was not supported. Housing and shelter had a positively significant effect on poverty reduction (β= 0.436, p = .000); whilst asset ownership had a positively significant effect on poverty reduction (β = 0.556, p = .001). Furthermore, food &amp; nutrition had a positively significant effect on poverty reduction (β = 0.422, p = .004); whist health &amp; hygiene had a positively significant effect on poverty reduction (β = 0.386, p = .000). Lastly, asset ownership had a positively significant effect on economic independence (β = 0.626, p = .000). Based on the evidence we accept H2, H3, H4, H5, H6 respectively, which are supported by the model and reject H1 as it is not supported by the model. Turning to the ANOVA results, it was observed that microfinance institutions, to some extent help alleviate poverty among women traders. This is evident from the fact that the revenue of participants who took loans, appears to improve post loan. That is to say that, their actual mean performance exceeded the expected results by one percent (1%). In a plain language, the post loan revenue improved by 80%.&#13;
The findings of this study have several implications for the academia, microfinance institutions and the policymakers. For academia, this study added new evidence regarding the impact of microfinance on the socioeconomic development of low income households, especially women who cannot access financial services due to their poverty. Thus, it helps theses households to diversify their income and thereby alleviate their poverty. In a nutshell, this study provides an insight into the role of microfinance on women empowerment in the urban and rural parts of a developing country. In the context of Ghana, given the peculiar status of women in the society, coupled with the emerging economic uncertainty in the family system, it has become imperative for them to undertake a venture or economic activities that could stabilize the uncertainties. Prominent among the vast range of sources of capital is the microfinance products. The microfinance provide women with a relative economic stability through employment generation, creates gender parity through empowerment and assets accumulation. It further provides women with the capacity to educate their children and cater for their health needs as well.&#13;
&#13;
In a similar vein, this study suggests that microfinance has the ability to contribute significantly to the achievement of a new economic policy (NEP) and a new economic model (NEM) that guide the achievement of the Ghana Agenda for Job Creation and Poverty Reduction Strategy, through a comprehensive social intervention in the wake of Nation Builders Corp (NABCO), Stimulus Packages; One District One Factory, One Million per Constituency, Entrepreneurial Development Fund and Zongo Development Fund. It does so, through enhancing the socioeconomic wellbeing of poor and low income people especially women. It also plays a central role in creating jobs for women especially those with low education. Therefore, microfinance opens an opportunity for,women borrowers to play significant role in a national economic development.</text>
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                <text>Ghana Technology University Library&#13;
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                <text>The Impact of Quality Improvement on Healthcare Delivery in Ghana: A Case Study of National Catholic Health Service&#13;
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                <text>Isaac Rock Kumah&#13;
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                <text>Healthcare consumers are becoming more critical with the quality of healthcare they receive. As a result, there are increasing complaints about the poor quality of healthcare received in the public domain. Under-five mortality (U5M) is one of the key indicators in the determination of the quality of health of a nation. The Ministry of Health (MOH) and its agencies have over the years tried to reduce U5M to accelerate Ghana’s efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) 4 by 2015 but with little success. The National Catholic Health Service (NCHS) in collaboration with Institute for Health Improvement (IHI) piloted the model for improvement, a quality improvement (QI) programme in nine catholic hospitals to reduce U5M and infant mortality. The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of the QI programme implemented by the NCHS. A mixed method approach and a cross-sectional design were used. Secondary data on U5M were collected from 2007 and 2015 and analysed. A modified version of Shortell’s QI instrument was administered to a sample of 51 midwives and 48 paediatric nurses from three selected catholic hospitals, namely; Techiman Holy Family, St. Francis Xavier and Our Lady of Grace. Frequencies and cross tabulations were used in the data analysis and presentation of results. Seven core management members from the three selected hospitals and one management staff of the NCHS were interviewed and data analysed using thematic content analysis approach.&#13;
The results show that, all the nine hospitals made great improvement in U5M when the implementation was at its peak. However, only three out of the nine hospitals were able to sustain the improvements made. Key factors that led to the inability of the hospitals to sustain improvements were identified and they include the organisational culture of the hospitals, management commitment and employee involvement. The findings provided an opportunity to develop a hybrid model which could be adopted by the MOH and its agencies to aid in the successful implementation of QI programmes in healthcare.</text>
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                <text>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) In Health Care Management&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Ghana Technology University Library&#13;
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                <text>March 2017</text>
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                <text>The Effect of School Feeding Programme on Basic Education in Greater Accra Region, Ghana.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Juliana Maame-Esi Owusu-Ansah</text>
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                <text>Education is the backbone of every nation. Many developed countries have attained their levels of development because of the attention paid to educating their citizens. For a developing country like Ghana to break more grounds on its development efforts, there is the need to pay close attention to the education of its people, especially the youth. The School Feeding Programme (SFP) is one of the strategies that can aid basic school enrolment and sustain education in the higher levels required for development.&#13;
The present study looks at the effect of the School Feeding Programme on basic education in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. The need for the study emanates from many reports suggesting that the SFP is bedeviled with lots of challenges. These challenges include, but not limited to, the lack of funds, political patronage in the selection of caterers, and the inability to expand the programme to cover more public schools in the country. The study specifically examines the views of stakeholders on operations and management at the school level; assesses the effects of SFP on enrolment, attendance, retention, and completion rates of pupils, and identify the challenges facing the SFP.&#13;
The study relied on mixed method approach for the procurement of empirical data. SPSS and Stata were used to analyze the primary quantitative data, with Excel being used to produce the graphs. The qualitative data were transcribed, coded, and analyzed thematically, using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA).The study found that the SFP motivates children to enroll, remain, and complete basic school. The lack of resources was found to constraint the caterers to provide good services.&#13;
&#13;
In general, the programme is a good one with the potential to boost education at the basic level towards the alleviation of poverty.</text>
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                <text>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Business Administration&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Ghana Technology University Library&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>May 2017</text>
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